英汉语言对比静态与动态

《英汉语言对比静态与动态》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、PartⅦStativevs.DynamicGROUP11English:Staticvs.Chinese:Dynamic1.Englishtendtobestative,characterizedbynominalization(名词化)（prepositionalphrases）andweakeningofverbs(intheformofadjectives,adverbs.....)2.Chinesetendtobedynamic,markedwiththeprevailing(主要的)ofverbs.StativeEnglish1.Nominali

2、zation（名词化）2.Agentivenouns（施事者）inplaceofverbs.3.Preparation-Prominent（名词优势）4.Verbs-weaken（动词弱化与虚化）5.Ajectivesandadverbsinplaceofverbs（形容词、副词表达动词的意义）6.Nounsinplaceofadjectivestoformheadlinephrase(标题式短语)1.NominalizationNominalizationreferstothereplacementofclauses,whichcontainfinitev

3、erbs,withcomplexstructuresconsistingofnounsandnounadjuncts.名词化主要指用名词（短语）来表达原来属于动词（短语）所表达的信息，如用抽象名词来表达动作、行为、变化、状态等。这次比赛她赢了，因而备受鼓舞。Shesucceedinthismatch,soshefeltencouraged.Hersuccessinthismatchmadeherencouraged.我们的儿子令我们失望。Oursonhasdisappointedus.Oursonhasbeenadisappointmenttous.2.To

4、useAgentiveNounsinplaceofVerbs用名词表示施事者，以代替动词他妹妹老是说谎。Hissisteralwayslies.Hissisterisagreatliar.我恐怕不能教你打网球，我想杰克比我教得好。IamafraidIcan'tteachyouplayingtennis.IthinkJackisabetterteacherthanI.3Preparation-prominent(名词优势造成介词优势)（1）Preparationphrasesinplaceofverbphrases英语常用介词短语代替动词短语，即“以静代动”（

5、2）"noun+preparation"名词+介词的优势常见于英语里大量的弱式短语。（1）Preparationphrasesinplaceofverbphrases他们立刻出动去追击敌人。Theyimmediatelysetoutinpursuitoftheenemy.（Theyimmediatelysetouttopursuetheenemy.）有人给他撑腰。Hehassomeonebehindhim.(Someonesupportshim.)他在读书。Heisathisbooks.(Heisreadingbooks.)(2)名词+介词的优势常见于

6、英语里大量的弱式短语。giveriseto(arouse)makecontactwith(meet)arriveatadecision(decide)bringtoaconclusion(finish)undertakeastudyof(study)takeintoconsideration(consider)affordanopportunityto(allow)carryoutexperiments(experiment)conductaninvestigationinto(investigate)ofakindlynature(kind)ofanunu

7、sualcharacter(unusual)beyondtheshadowofadoubt(certain)duetothefactthat(because)ontwoseparateoccasions(twice)inviewoftheforegoingcircumstances(therefore)4.Verb-weaken动词的弱化与虚化(1)英语里最常用的动词正是动作意味最弱的动词-----tobe，其各种形式包括mustbe,maybe,shouldhavebeen都缺乏动态感，由it或there与be构成的句式，其静态意味更加明显：山脚有一栋大别

8、墅。Thereisabigvillaatthefoo