types of mountains - rutherford county schools：山-卢瑟福县学校类型

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1、TypesofMountains5thGradeTYPESOFMOUNTAINSVolcanic:Folded:Dome:Fault-BlockWithapartner,predicthoweachmountainisformed.TYPESOFMOUNTAINSVolcanic:Shieldandcomposite;magmarisesfromasthenosphereandbreaksthroughthesurfaceofEarthFault-block:normalfaultingandtensionFolded:reversefaultsandcompressionDome:Mag

2、marisesthroughthemantlebutdoesnotbreakthroughthesurface.FoldMountainsFoldmountainsarethemostcommontypeofmountain.Theworld’slargestmountainrangesarefoldmountains.Theserangeswereformedovermillionsofyears.Foldmountainsareformedwhentwoplatescollideheadon,andtheiredgescrumbled,muchthesamewayasapieceofp

3、aperfoldswhenpushedtogether.Theupwardfoldsareknownasanticlines,andthedownwardfoldsaresynclines.Examplesoffoldmountainsinclude:HimalayanMountainsinAsiatheAlpsinEuropetheAndesinSouthAmericatheRockiesinNorthAmericatheUralsinRussiaTheHimalayanMountainswereformedwhenIndiacrashedintoAsiaandpusheduptheta

4、llestmountainrangeonthecontinents.InSouthAmerica,theAndesMountainswereformedbythecollisionoftheSouthAmericancontinentalplateandtheoceanicPacificplate.Fault-BlockThesemountainsformwhenfaultsorcracksintheearth'scrustforcesomematerialsorblocksofrockupandothersdown.Insteadoftheearthfoldingover,theear

5、th'scrustfractures(pullsapart).Itbreaksupintoblocksorchunks.Sometimestheseblocksofrockmoveupanddown,astheymoveapartandblocksofrockendupbeingstackedononeanother.Oftenfault-blockmountainshaveasteepfrontsideandaslopingbackside.Fault-BlockExamplesoffault-blockmountainsinclude:TheSierraNevadamountainsi

6、nNorthAmericaTheHarzMountainsinGermanyDomeDomemountainsaretheresultofagreatamountofmeltedrock(magma)pushingitswayupundertheearthcrust.Withoutactuallyeruptingontothesurface,themagmapushesupoverlayingrocklayers.Atsomepoint,themagmacoolsandformshardenedrock.Theupliftedareacreatedbyrisingmagmaiscalled

7、adomebecauseoflookinglikethetophalfofasphere(ball).Therocklayersoverthehardenedmagmaarewarpedupwardtoformthedome.Buttherocklayersofthesurroundingarearemainflat.Asthedomeishigherthanitssurroundings,erosionbywindan