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1、Unit1generaldescriptionofliteraturereadingandtranslation1.DefinitionofLiteratureLiteratureisageneraltermforprofessionalwritingsintheformofbooks,papers,andotherdocumentations.Asanimportantmeansforpreservingknowledge,literatureshavebecomepreciousresourcesortreasuresforthemankind,whichhavegreat
2、lycontributedtothesocialprogressofthehumanrace.2.ClassificationofLiterature1)Textbooks（课本）akindofprofessionalwriting（一种专业的写作）2)Monographs（专著）variousviewpointsanddiscussions3)Papers（论文）thetheoreticalanalysisandexperimentaldescriptiontitle,author,affiliation,abstract,keywords,introduction,theo
3、reticalanalysisand/orexperimentaldescription,resultsanddiscussionorconclusion,acknowledgments,references4)Encyclopedias(百科全书)everybranchofknowledge5)Periodicals（期刊）aseriesofpublications6)SpecialDocumentation（特殊文档）alltheprintedmaterials3.LinguisticFeaturesofScientificLiteraturestylistically(文
4、体上)scientificliteratureisakindofformwriting;syntactically（结构上）scientificliteraturehasrigorousgrammaticalstructuresandinmostcasesisratherunitary;Morphologically（语法上）scientificliteraureisfeaturedbyhighspecialization,theuseoftechnicaltermsandjargons,unambiguousimplicationandthefixedsenseofthewo
5、rdPrinciplesorCriteriaofTranslationWheneverprinciplesorcriteriaoftranslationareunderdiscussioninChina,YanFu’sthree-characterguide”-----xin,da,ya,namely,faithfulness(信),expressiveness(达),andelegance(雅).Thesethreeprinciplehasalwaysbeenregardedasaplumb-lineformeasuringtheprofessionalleveloftran
6、slationandagoalfortranslatorstostriveafter.However,intheapplicationofthisprinciple,peoplecometofindsomeunsatisfactoryaspectsofthethree-characterguideandhaveputforewordavarietyofnewstandardsorcriteriaoftranslation.Despiteavarietyofopinions,twocriteriaarealmostunanimouslyacceptedbyall,namely,t
7、hecriterionoffaithfulness/accuracy(忠实/准确)andthatofsmoothness(流畅).Wemayalsotakethesetwocriteriaastheprinciplescientificliteraturetranslation.Byfaithful/accuracy,wemeantobefaithfulnotonlytotheoriginalcontents,totheoriginalmeaningandviews,butalsotothe
