文献阅读与翻译unit 2

文献阅读与翻译unit 2

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1、Unit2ProfessionalPapers(4hrs)1.DefinitionofprofessionalpapersAprofessionalpaperisatypewrittenpaperinwhichprofessionalspresenttheirviewsandresearchfindingsonachosentopic.Itisvariouslyknownasthe“researchpaper”,“coursepaper”,“thesispaper”or“librarypaper”.Despitethevariousnames,thetaskofth

2、eauthorofapaperisessentiallythesame:toreadonaparticulartopic,gatherinformationaboutit,andreportthefindingsinit.Aprofessionalpapercannotbewrittenrandomly.Itmustconformtoaspecialformat,whichgovernstheentirepaperfromtheplacingofthetitletothewidthofthemargins,andtothenotationusedinacknowle

3、dgingmaterialdrawnfromothersources.Aprofessionalpaperdiffersfromothernon-professionalessaysinthatitinvolvestheuseoflibrarysourcesfromwhichfacts,quotations,andtheopinionsofothersaredrawntoexplain,support,orauthenticateideasinthepaper.Thesesourcesareidentifiedbynumberednotes,placesatthee

4、ndofthepaperoratthebottomofthepage.Aprofessionalpaperusuallyconcludeswithabibliography,andanalphabeticallistofallsourcescited.2.ClassificationofprofessionalpapersThefourkindsofpapersusuallyassignedinuniversitiesandcollegesare(1)reportpapers;(2)researchpapers;(3)coursepapers,and(4)thesi

5、spapers.1)ReportPaperThereportpapersummarizesandreportsthefindingsofanotheronaparticularsubject.Thewriterneitherjudgesnorevaluatesthefindings,butmerelycatalogstheminasensiblesequence.Forinstance,apaperthatlistedtheopinionsofstatesmenduringthedebateoveracertaineventwouldbeareportpaper.L

6、ikewise,apaperthatchronologicallynarratedthefinaldaysodapersonalitywouldalsobecalledareportpaper.2)ResearchpaperAresearchpapercanbeintelligent,wellinformed,interesting,andoriginalinitsconclusions.Itdrawsitsmaterialfrommanysourcesandaimstoassemblefactsandideasbystudyingthemtodrawnewconc

7、lusionsonthebasisofobtaineddataobservedfacts,ortopresentthematerialinthelightofanewinterest.3)CoursePaperDifferentfromreportpapersandresearchpapers,coursepapersarewrittenafteraspecificcourseislearnedoraredesignedattheendofaterm.Thistypeofpaperis,therefore,alsocalled“termpaper”.4)Thes

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