basic debate rules

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1、BritishParliamentaryDebateFirstspeaker,firstproposition.ThefirstspeakerintheBritishformathasanearlyidenticalroletothefirstspeakerforthepropositionintheAmericaformat.Thespeakerinterpretsthemotionandmakesaconvincingcaseforit.Thecaseshouldprovideopportunitiesforseriousdebateandforargumentextensi

2、on.Firstspeaker,firstopposition.Theoppositionteamprovides“clash”inthedebate.Clash,oneofthefundamentalprinciplesofanykindofdebate,issimplywhathappenswhenargumentsdirectlyopposeeachother.Thefirstoppositionspeakerusestacticsofdirectandindirectrefutationtocounterthepropositionteam’scase.Theopenin

3、gspeakerfortheoppositionmaychallengethedefinitionofthemotionortheproposition’sdecisionframeworkofthedebate.Thefirstoppositionspeakermayalsochallengethemainargumentsoftheproposition.Secondspeaker,firstproposition.Thesecondpropositionspeakermustconvincinglyprovehis/herside’scasetowithstandthese

4、riousforthcomingoppositionassault.Thesecondspeakerforthepropositionrefutesallthemajorobjectionstothecaseasofferedbytheopeningspeakerfortheopposition.Inaddition,thisspeakerreestablishestheprinciplesofthecase,initiallypresentedbyhercolleagueinthefirstpropositionspeech.Indoingso,he/shemaysupplem

5、enthis/hercolleague’sreasoning,offeradditionalexamplesorotherwiseamplifytheopeningpresentation.Secondspeaker,firstopposition.Thesecondspeakerofthefirstoppositionhasseveraloptionsforthespeech.Theymaycontinuetheobjectionsofthefirstoppositionspeakertothepropositionteam’scase;presentnewargumentsa

6、gainstthepropositionteam;defendandexpandtheopposition’scounter-plan,disadvantages,critiquesandotherindirectargumentationiftheyhavebeenpresented;andevaluateinconsistenciesbetweentheargumentsofthefirstandsecondpropositionspeakers.Firstspeaker,secondproposition.Thesecondpropositionteam’sfirstspe

7、akermustestablishanextensionofthecasepresentedbythefirstpropositionteam’sopeningspeaker.Thecaseextensionmaynotsimplyrepeattheideasoftheopeningspeakerofthedebate,normaythespeakerofferyetanotherexampleforthesameargument.Whileshowingloyaltytothe