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1、文化共生现象（CulturalSymbiosis）Inthedevelopmentoflifeontheearth,therelationshipbetweenthedifferentspeciesoforganismslivingindifferentspeciesofplantswiththesamemovementandplantdistributionarea.Livingbeingsofdifferentbiologicalspeciescanlivesidebysideinthesamemovementandplan
2、tdistributionarea,butactuallynoonehasanyinfluenceonanyone.Differentspeciesoforganismscancompetetofightfortheirlimitedfoodreserves.Sometimesaspeciesrepresentativeofthegenustoanothernestsettledown,eatthiskindoffood(thisiscalledinquilinismorinquilinism,inquilinism,fromL
3、atininquilinus-sourceinthenest,thesymbioticinquilinous.).Theindividualofonespeciescanbeanotherkindoffood,andtheotherisastronganimal.Fiercebeaststocapturetheirprey,killitandeatit.Therelationshipbetweendifferentspeciesoforganismsmaybelikethis:onespecieslivesonanotherge
4、nus,andinevitablydoesharmtoit.Thisistherelationshipbetweenparasitismandsacrifice.Sometimesparasitesliveinprey(host)organisms.Thehostensuresaconstantlivingenvironmentandfoodfortheparasite.Parasitesbringdisease,sometimesevendeathtothehost.Willformacommonwayoflife,isasp
5、eciesofthegenusindividualwithanotherspeciesandhabitat(insomecasestothelandoftheorganichost),getfoodfromthehostorganismisconcealedandshelter,andthepossiblemigration.Inthiscase,suchparasitismdoesnotcauseanyharmorbenefittothehost.Thisisakindofinteractionbetweencalledcom
6、mensalism(commensalism,comes,derivedfromtheLatinword').Theadvantageofthisinteractionistheonesidedness.Butthereisalsoacloseinteractiontype,wheredifferentspecieslivetogetherandbenefiteachotheronly.Thiscomplexwasnamedsymbiosis(symbiosis).Wewillnotethattheword"symbiosis"
7、issometimesappliedwidely,suitableforallthedifferenttypesofspeciescoexistence.Inthiscaseasymbioticinteractiontypecalledmutualism(mutualism,mutuus,derivedfromeachother,bothsides).However,"symbiosis"and"mutualism"arecommonlyusedassynonyms.Symbiosisintheplantworldcanbeci
8、tedasanexampleoflichens,thesymbiosisbetweenalgaeandfungi(lichensaresymbioticfungiandalgae,lichensabsorbnutrientsbyfungalhyphae,anda
