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1、高温流化对糙米蒸煮和食用品质的影响卜玲娟1,2李永富1,2王莉1,2史锋3段荣娟1,2陈正行1,2(江南大学食品学院1,无锡214122)(江南大学粮食发酵工艺与技术国家工程实验室2,无锡214122)(江南大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室3,无锡214122)摘要为了解决糙米难煮熟、口感硬、米糠味重的难题,采用高温流化技术处理糙米,改善其蒸煮及食用品质。考察了流化温度对糙米表观形态、籽粒横截面形态和最佳蒸煮时间的影响。结果表明:130℃为最佳流化温度,可以在保持糙米天然形态的同时,使糙米皮层产生裂缝,籽粒内部产生微孔,打开糙
2、米的吸水通道,并且使最佳蒸煮时间缩短了6min。另外,研究了糙米经高温流化处理后蒸煮及食用品质的变化。结果显示:糙米蒸煮时的吸水速度和吸水量明显提高;糙米饭变得更加柔软,硬度由1853g降低至1570g;露白率达99%;米糠味明显减少;色泽、黏性及综合评分都显著提升(P<0.05)。可见,高温流化技术可以有效地改善糙米的蒸煮及食用品质。关键词高温流化糙米蒸煮品质食用品质中图分类号:TS213.3文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-0174()基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403063)投稿日期:2015-09-11
3、作者简介:卜玲娟,女,1990年出生,硕士,粮食精深加工通讯作者:李永富,男,1969年出生,副教授,全谷物营养与工程Effectsofhigh-temperaturefluidizationoncookingandeatingqualitiesofbrownriceBuLingjuan1,2LiYongfu1,2WangLi1,2ShiFeng3DuanRongjuan1,2ChenZhengxing1,2(SchoolofFoodScienceandTechnology,JiangnanUniversity1,Wuxi21
4、4122)(NationalEngineeringLaboratoryforCerealFermentationTechnology,JiangnanUniversity2,Wuxi214122)(StateKeyLaboratoryofScienceandTechnology,JiangnanUniversity3,Wuxi214122)AbstractInordertosolvethepoorcooking,eating,andbranodorproblemsofbrownrice,high-temperatureflui
5、dizationtechniquewasusedtoprocessbrownricetoimprovethecookingandeatingqualities.Theeffectsoffluidizationtemperatureonsurfacemorphology,cross-sectionmorphologyandoptimalcookingtimeofbrownricewerestudied.Theresultshowedthat130℃wastheoptimalfluidizationtemperature.Inth
6、iscondition,fissuresandmicroporesweregeneratedonthesurfaceandinteriorofbrownricerespectivelywhilethenaturalformwasintact,thusthewaterchannelofbrownricewasformed,andoptimalcookingtimewasshortenedby6min.Inaddition,thechangeofcookingandeatingqualitiesofbrownriceafterhi
7、gh-temperaturefluidizationtreatmentwasstudied.Theresultsshowedthatthewaterabsorptionrateandquantityofbrownriceweresignificantlyincreased;thehardnessofcookedbrownricewasreducedfrom1853gto1570gwhichindicatedasoftertexture;exposuredegreeofbrownriceendospermwas99%;brano
8、dorwasdecreasedobviously;color,viscosityandcomprehensivescoresweresignificantlyincreased(P<0.05).Thus,thehigh-temperaturefluidizationtechn