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ID:12709621
大小:104.00 KB
页数:9页
时间:2018-07-18
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1、CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION(高叔叔说这章要考50分,所以东西有点多~)1.Linguistics1.1Definition:linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Threekeywords:♦Language:precededbythezeroarticleimpliesnotanyparticularlanguagebutlanguageingeneral.♦Study:investigateexamineresearch♦S
2、cientific:observation→generalization→hypothesesformation→datacollection→hypothesestesting→theoryformulationHowtomakeastudy"scientific"?1)Exhaustiveness:gatherallthematerialsrelevanttoone'sinvestigationandgivethemanadequateexplanation.2)Consistency:makenocontradict
3、ionbetweenpartsofthetotalstatement3)Economy:otherthingsbeingequal,simplershorteranalysisisbetter.4)Objectivity:beasobjectiveaspossibleindescribingandanalyzingthedata,allowingnoprejudicetoinfluenceone’sgeneralization.1.2thescopeoflinguisticsGenerallinguistics:thest
4、udyoflanguageasawhole.Thisdealswiththebasicconcepts,theories,descriptionsmodelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy,incontrasttobranchesofstudywhichrelatelinguisticstotheresearchofotherareas.Generallinguisticscanbefurtherdividedintotheoreticallinguistics(micro
5、-linguistics)andapplicationoflinguistics(macro-linguistics).1.2.1Theoreticallinguistics:1)Phnetics:thebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.2)Phonology:studieshowsoundsar
6、eputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningsincommunication.3)Morphology:studyofthewayinwhichthesmallestmeaningfulcomponentscalledmorphemearearrangedtoformwords.4)Syntax[‘sintæks]:studiestherulesgoverningthecombinationofwordsintosentences5)Semantics[si’mæntiks]:thestudyofm
7、eaninginisolation,staticallyoutofcontext.1.2.2Applicationoflinguistics(2-8了解即可)1)Pragmatics:thedynamicstudyofmeaningincontext.2)Appliedlinguistics:applicationoflinguisticstheories,principles,methodsandresearchfindingstoanylanguageconnectedareas(broadsense),tolangu
8、ageteachingesptotheteachingofforeignorsecondlanguage(narrowsense)Itincludeslanguageacquisition,languagetesting,languageevaluation.3)Sociolinguistics:the
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