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1、微信扫描二维码关注启航考研（qh_kaoyan）Howsiestashelpmemory午睡怎样增进记忆力[2010.02.25]TheEconomistMADdogsandEnglishmen,sothesonghasit,gooutinthemiddaysun.AndthebusinesspracticesofEngland’slinealdescendant,America,willhaveyouintheofficefromnineinthemorningtofiveintheevening,ifnotlonger.Muchoftheworld,though,preferstotak
2、easiesta.AndresearchpresentedtotheAAASmeetinginSanDiegosuggestsitmayberighttodoso.Ithasalreadybeenestablishedthatthosewhosiestaarelesslikelytodieofheartdisease.Now,MatthewWalkerandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,havefoundthattheyprobablyhavebettermemory,too.Apost-prandialsnooze,Dr
3、Walkerhasdiscovered,setsthebrainupforlearning.Theroleofsleepinconsolidatingmemoriesthathavealreadybeencreatedhasbeenunderstoodforsometime.DrWalkerhasbeentryingtoextendthisunderstandingbylookingatsleep’sroleinpreparingthebrainfortheformationofmemoriesinthefirstplace.Hewasparticularlyinterestedinatyp
4、eofmemorycalledepisodicmemory,whichrelatestospecificevents,placesandtimes.Thiscontrastswithproceduralmemory,oftheskillsrequiredtoperformsomesortofmechanicaltask,suchasdriving.Thetheoryheandhisteamwantedtotestwasthattheabilitytoformnewepisodicmemoriesdeteriorateswithaccruedwakefulness,andthatsleepth
5、usrestoresthebrain’scapacityforefficientlearning.Theyaskedagroupof39peopletotakepartintwolearningsessions,oneatnoonandoneat6pm.Oneachoccasiontheparticipantstriedtomemoriseandrecall100combinationsofpicturesandnames.Afterthefirstsessiontheywereassignedrandomlytoeitheracontrolgroup,whichremainedawake,
6、oranapgroup,whichhad100minutesofmonitoredsleep.Thosewhoremainedawakethroughoutthedaybecameworseatlearning.Thosewhonapped,bycontrast,actuallyimprovedtheircapacitytolearn,doingbetterintheeveningthantheyhadatnoon.Thesefindingssuggestthatsleepisclearingthebrain’sshort-termmemoryandmakingwayfornewinform
7、ation.Thebenefitstomemoryofanap,saysDrWalker,aresogreatthattheycanequalanentirenight’ssleep.Hewarns,however,thatnappingmustnotbedonetoolateinthedayoritwillinterferewithnight-timesleep.Moreover,noteveryoneaw
