常用微生物学专业名词词汇表

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1、常用微生物学专业名词词汇表activeimmunity（主动免疫）:Immunityacquiredthroughdirectstimulationoftheimmunesystembyantigen.activetransport（主动运输）:Transportofmoleculesagainstaconcentrationgradient(fromregionsoflowconcentrationtoregionsofhighconcentration)withtheaidofproteinsinthecellmembraneandenergyfromATP.Alcoholfe

2、rmentation（乙醇发酵）：istheformationofalcoholfromsugar.Yeast,whenunderanaerobicconditions,convertglucosetopyruvicacidviatheglycolysispathways,thengoonestepfarther,convertingpyruvicacidintoethanol,aC-2compound.aerobe（好氧微生物）:Amicroorganismthatlivesandgrowsinthepresenceoffreegaseousoxygen(O2).aflatoxi

3、n（黄曲霉毒素）:FromAspergillusflavust,amycotoxinthattypicallypoisonsmoldyanimalfeedandcancauselivercancerinhumansandotheranimals.AIDS（爱滋病）:AcquiredImmunedeficiencysyndrome.Thecomplexofsignsandsymptomscharacteristicofthelatephaseofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)infection.Amestest（艾姆氏实验）:Amethodfordet

4、ectingmutagenicandpotentiallycarcinogenicagentsbaseduponthegeneticalterationofnutritionallydefectivebacteriaanabolism（合成代谢）:Theenergyconsumingprocessofincorporatingnutrientsintoprotoplasmthroughbiosynthesis.anaerobe（厌氧微生物）:Amicroorganismthatgrowsbest,orexclusively,intheabsenceofoxygen.antibiot

5、ic（抗生素）:Achemicalsubstancefromonemicroorganismthatcaninhibitorkillanothermicrobeeveninminuteamounts.antibody（抗体）:Alargeproteinmoleculeevokedinresponsetoanantigenthatinteractsspecificallywiththatantigen.antigen（抗原）:Anycell,particle,orchemicalthatinducesaspecificimmuneresponsebyBcellsorTcellsand

6、canstimulateresistancetoaninfectionoratoxin.antigenicdeterminant（抗原决定基）:Theprecisemoleculargroupofanantigenthatdefinesitsspecificityandtriggerstheimmuneresponse.antimetabolite（抗代谢物）:Asubstancesuchasadrugthatcompeteswith,substitutesfor,orinterfereswithanormalmetabolite.antiseptic（防腐剂）：Agrowth-i

7、nhibitingagentusedontissuestopreventinfection.antiserum（抗血清）：Antibody-richserumderivedfromthebloodofanimals(deliberatelyimmunizedagainstinfectiousortoxicantigen)orfrompeoplewhohaverecoveredfromspecificnfections.antitoxin（抗毒素）：Globulinfr