常用微生物学专业名词词汇表

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1、常用微生物学专业名词词汇表activeimmunity（主动免疫）:Immunityacquiredthroughdirectstimulationoftheimmunesystembyantigen.activetransport（主动运输）:Transportofmoleculesagainstaconcentrationgradient(fromregionsoflowconcentrationtoregionsofhighconcentration)withtheaidofproteinsinthecellmembra

2、neandenergyfromATP.Alcoholfermentation（乙醇发酵）：istheformationofalcoholfromsugar.Yeast,whenunderanaerobicconditions,convertglucosetopyruvicacidviatheglycolysispathways,thengoonestepfarther,convertingpyruvicacidintoethanol,aC-2compound.aerobe（好氧微生物）:Amicroorganismthatli

3、vesandgrowsinthepresenceoffreegaseousoxygen(O2).aflatoxin（黄曲霉毒素）:FromAspergillusflavust,amycotoxinthattypicallypoisonsmoldyanimalfeedandcancauselivercancerinhumansandotheranimals.AIDS（爱滋病）:AcquiredImmunedeficiencysyndrome.Thecomplexofsignsandsymptomscharacteristicof

4、thelatephaseofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)infection.Amestest（艾姆氏实验）:Amethodfordetectingmutagenicandpotentiallycarcinogenicagentsbaseduponthegeneticalterationofnutritionallydefectivebacteriaanabolism（合成代谢）:Theenergyconsumingprocessofincorporatingnutrientsintoproto

5、plasmthroughbiosynthesis.anaerobe（厌氧微生物）:Amicroorganismthatgrowsbest,orexclusively,intheabsenceofoxygen.antibiotic（抗生素）:Achemicalsubstancefromonemicroorganismthatcaninhibitorkillanothermicrobeeveninminuteamounts.antibody（抗体）:Alargeproteinmoleculeevokedinresponsetoan

6、antigenthatinteractsspecificallywiththatantigen.antigen（抗原）:Anycell,particle,orchemicalthatinducesaspecificimmuneresponsebyBcellsorTcellsandcanstimulateresistancetoaninfectionoratoxin.antigenicdeterminant（抗原决定基）:Theprecisemoleculargroupofanantigenthatdefinesitsspeci

7、ficityandtriggerstheimmuneresponse.antimetabolite（抗代谢物）:Asubstancesuchasadrugthatcompeteswith,substitutesfor,orinterfereswithanormalmetabolite.antiseptic（防腐剂）：Agrowth-inhibitingagentusedontissuestopreventinfection.antiserum（抗血清）：Antibody-richserumderivedfromtheblood

8、ofanimals(deliberatelyimmunizedagainstinfectiousortoxicantigen)orfrompeoplewhohaverecoveredfromspecificnfections.antitoxin（抗毒素）：Globulinfr