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1、有机物的命名方法（Nomenclatureoforganiccompounds）NomenclatureoforganicmatterThenamingmethodoforganicnomenclature,habitofnomenclature,someorganicmatterandname.First,thesystematicnomenclature(IUPAC)IUPACnomenclatureoforganiccompoundsisasystematicnomenclatureoforgani
2、ccompounds.ThenomenclaturewasestablishedbytheInternationalUnionofpureandAppliedChemistry(IUPAC),andthemostrecentrevisionwasin1993.ItspredecessorwasthesystematicnomenclatureoftheGenevaInternationalChemistrySocietyin1892".Ideally,eachorganiccompoundwithacle
3、arstructuralformulacanbedescribedwithadefinitename.Itisnotstrictlysystematicnomenclaturebecauseitacceptsthecommonnamingofsomesubstancesandgroupsatthesametime.ThesystematicnomenclatureofChineseisbasedontheEnglishIUPACnomenclatureinChineseChemistrySocietyan
4、dcombinesthecharacteristicsofChinesecharacters.Establishedin1960,1980wasrevisedaccordingtothe1979editionofEnglish.1:generalrulesSequencerulesofsubstituentsWhentherearemanysubstituentsonthebackbone,theorderofthegroupsinthenameisdeterminedbytheorderrule.The
5、generalruleis..:Thehigherthemassofthefirstatomofthe1.substituent,thehighertheorder;Ifthefirst2.atomsofthesame,thencomparetheirfirstatomicconnectedatomicorder;ifthereisadoubleortriplebond,isconnectedto2or3ofthesameatomThehighestorderfunctionalgroupisusedas
6、themainfunctionalgroup,andthenameisplacedattheend.Otherfunctionalgroups,namethelowerorder,namethefront.SelectionofmainchainormainringNomenclatureofbenzenederivativeswithbenzeneasprecursor,branchedchainsubstituents,thenamingofsubstituentsonbenzenewordsinfr
7、ontofthepositionofthesubstituentrepresentedbythedigitalArabiainbranchedchainismoreimportant,canalsobebenzeneringasasubstituent,withbranchedchainastheparentname.Thecompoundwhosehydroxylgroupisdirectlyattachedtothebenzeneringhasapropertermphenol.Thesubstitu
8、tionofbenzeneinname,notonlyneedtopointoutwhatsubstitutedgroupsalsoexpressedtheirrelativepositions,therankingistoringtotheprincipleofminimumnumberofsubstituents.Sometimesthecommonneighbor(o),(m),(P)andotherwordsorsym
