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1、有机物与无机物分类（Classificationoforganicandinorganiccompounds）ReprintedfromBaidu,knowtheanswer[classification1]Accordingtothebasicstructure,organicmattercanbedividedinto3categories:(1)anopenchaincompound,alsocalledanaliphaticcompound,becauseitwasoriginallyfoundinfats.
2、Thestructureischaracterizedinthatthecarbonandthecarbonareconnectedintoanendlesschain.(2)carbocycliccompounds(containingentirelycarbonring),canbedividedintoZhihuancompounds(inthestructurecanberegardedasopenchaincompoundcyclizationinto)andaromaticcompounds(contai
3、ningbenzene)twosubcategories.(3)heterocycliccompounds(containingringsconsistingofcarbonatomsandotherelements).[classification2][series]aseriesofcompoundswithsimilarstructuresandoneormoreCH2atomsinthemolecularcompositionarecalledthesameseries.Eachmemberofthesame
4、familyiscalledahomologue.Becauseoftheirsimilarstructures,thechemicalpropertiesofhomologuesaresimilar,andtheirphysicalpropertieschangeregularlywithincreasingmolecularweight.[homologue]thestructureissimilar,themolecularcompositionisdifferentfromoneorseveral"CH2"a
5、tomicgroup,thesameformulacompoundsarecalledhomologues.Forexample,methane,ethane,propaneandn-butanearecalledhomologuesinalkaneseries.Aclassoforganiccompoundsconsistingoftwoelements,carbonandhydrogen,alsocalledhydrocarbons".Therearemanykinds,dependingonthestructu
6、reandnature,Canbeclassifiedasfollows:[open]chainofcarbonatomsinmoleculestogetherintoachain,andringstructurescalledhydrocarbons,aliphatichydrocarbon.Accordingtothecontentofcarbonandhydrogeninthemoleculeofhydrocarbonscanbedividedintosaturatedhydrocarbons(alkanes)
7、andunsaturatedhydrocarbons(alkenes,alkynes).[]alsoknownas"chainaliphatichydrocarbons".Becausefatishydrocarbonderivatives,socalledaliphatichydrocarbon.[]saturatedhydrocarbonsaturatedhydrocarbonscanbedividedintochainsaturatedhydrocarbonsnamelyalkanes(paraffinhydr
8、ocarbons)andanothercontainingcarbonandasaturatedhydrocarbonringiscycloalkanes(seechainhydrocarbon).[]thealkanesaturatedhydrocarbons,paraffinhydrocarbon.ThegeneralformulaCnH2
