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1、TheNorthAmericanTranslationWorkshop（北美翻译培训派）1.TheDevelopmentsoftheNorthAmericanTranslationWorkshop(P5-6)Intheearlysixties,therewerenotranslationworkshopsatinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.In1964Englehiredafull-timedirectorforwhatwasthefirsttranslationworkshopintheUnitedStatesandbeganoff
2、eringacademiccreditforliterarytranslations.ThefollowingyeartheFordFoundationconferreda＄150,000grantontheUniversityofTexasatAustintowardtheestablishmentoftheNationalTranslationCenter.Alsoin1965,thefirstissueofModernPoetryinTranslation,editedbyTedHughesandDanielWeissbort,waspublished,providingliterar
3、ytranslatorsaplacefortheircreativework.In1968,theNationalTranslationCenterpublishedthefirstissueofDelos,ajournaldevotedtothehistoryaswellastheaestheticsoftranslation.Literarytranslationhadestablishedaplace,albeitasmallone,intheproductionofAmericanculture.Theprocessofgrowthandacceptancecontinuedinth
4、eseventies.Soontranslationcoursesandworkshopswerebeingofferedatseveraluniversities-Yale,Princeton,Columbia,Iowa,Texas,andStateUniversityofNewYork,Binghamtonamongthem.ThisledtotheestablishmentoftheprofessionalorganizationAmericanLiteraryTranslatorsAssociation(ALTA)inthelateseventiesaswellasthefoundi
5、ngofthejournalTranslationforthatorganization.Forawhileinthelateseventiesandearlyeighties,itlookedasifthetranslationworkshopwouldfollowthepathofcreativewriting,alsoconsideredatonetimeanon-academicfield,andsoonbeofferedatasmanyschoolsashadwritingworkshops.2.ThetranslationworkshoppremiseandJonasZdanys
6、(P7-8)JohasZdanys(Yaletranslationworkshop):translationcanmakethestudentmoreawareofaspectsofpoetry,language,aestheticsandinterpretation.The"atheoretical"premisesofthosepracticingandteachingtranslationarerevealedinthenumerousprefacesandintroductionstotextscontainingtranslations.AnessaybyJonasZdanysof
7、theYaletranslationworkshopillustratestheproblem.In"TeachingTranslation:SomeNotesTowardaCourseStructure",Zdanystalksabouthisinitialambivalenceaboutteachingliterarytranslationbecausehefeelsthiscreativeprocess
