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1、Module12Personality12.1Contemporaryapproachestopersonality“Personality”–acharacteristicspatternofthinking,feeling,andbehavingthatisuniquetoeachindividual,andremainsrelativelyconsistentovertimeansituationsPersonalitymeasurements1.“idiographicapproach”–focusingoncreatedetaile
2、ddescriptionsofaspecificperson’suniquepersonalitycharacteristics-Figuremyselfout-Itishelpfulforunderstandingyoursocialworlds,andcanbeappliedtothefullrangeofhumanexperience2.“nomotheticapproach”–examinepersonalityinlargegroupofpeople,withtheaimofmakinggeneralizationofaboutpe
3、rsonalitystructure-Tounderstandthefactorsthatpredictcertainbehavioursacrosspeopleingeneral-TheKEYistoidentifytheimportantpersonalitytraitsthatarerelatedtowhateveritisthatyouareinterestedinunderstandingThetraitperspective·“Personalitytrait”–describesaperson’shabitualpatterns
4、ofthinking,feeling,andbehaving-Howthatpersonismostofthetime)-Thefirstsystematicattempttoidentifyallpossibletraitswasmadeinthe1930sbyAllport·“theBarnumeffect”–peopleareeasytobeconvincedthatapersonalityprofiledescribethemwell,whiletheprofileisgenerallyfalseandnotdescribethema
5、tall-Thisisthereasonwhypersonalitytestsofquestionablevalidityaresowidelybelieved,aswellashoroscopes,astrologers,andpsychics-实验:每个人都拿到一模一样的描述，而他们都觉得说的就是他们自己·“factoranalysis”–isusedtogroupitemsthatpeoplerespondtosimilarity-比如friendly,warm,andkindcanbegrouptogetherTheFiveFacto
6、rModel(BigFive)Itisatrait-basedtheoryofpersonalitybasedonthefindingthatpersonalitycanbedescribedusingfivemajordimension1.“Openness”开放型a.高分表现:Dreamers,creative,opentonewthings,newwaysofseeingthings,opentonewexperience,curious,consideredunconventional,thinkmoreabstractly,more
7、sensitivetoemotionsb.低分表现:Defenders,conventional,avoidunknownandfindsecurityfromtheknown,prefertangible,beingpractical,straightforward,dislikecomplexity,resistanttochange2.“Conscientiousness”责任型a.高分表现:Organizers,efficient,self-disciplined,dependable,comfortablewithschedules
8、andlists,greatemployeesandstudents,livelongerduetopositivehealthbehavioursa.低分表现:E
