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1、Module5TheGreatSportsPersonalityodule5TheGreatSportsPersonality Grammar—Reviewofadverbialclauses Goals ●Toreviewadverbialclauses Procedures Step1Reviewingtheadverbialclauses Adverbialclausesarelessthan(subordinateto)sentences.Theydonotcontainacompletethought
2、. Adverbialclausesalwaysmodifytheverbinthemainclause(thesentence)towhichtheadverbialclauseisattached. Anadverbialclausetellshow,when,why,howmuch,towhatextentandunderwhatconditionstheactioninthemainclausetakesplace. Adverbialclausesalwaysbeginwithasubordinatingc
3、onjunction.Themostcommonsubordinatingconjunctionsarelistedbelow. Before,after,unless Although,if,until As,inorderthat,when As,since,whenever aslongas,sothat,where assoonas,than,wherever because,though,while Adverbialclauses,likeallsubordinateclauses,arestr
4、ucturedinthesamewayallsentencesarestructured.Alladverbialclauseswillfallintooneofthefivesentencepatternsthathavealreadybeendescribed. Examples ThewholecountrywassaddenedwhenOswaldassassinatedKennedy. Whenisthesubordinatingconjunctionintroducingthisadverbialclau
5、sewhichmodifieswassaddened.Oswaldisthesubjectoftheclause.Assassinatedistheactionverbwhichtransfersitsactiontothedirectobject,whichisKennedy,allofwhichmakesthisclausetransitiveactive. LittleJoewaspunishedbecausethewindowwasbroken. Becauseisthesubordinatingconjunc
6、tionintroducingthisadverbialclause.Windowisthesubject.Wasisthehelpingverb,andbrokenistheactionverbwhichtransfersitsactionbacktothesubjectmakingthisclausetransitivepassiveorpattern#2. Sincetheboywasdisruptive,hewasexpelledfromschool. Sinceisthesubordinatingconjun
7、ctionintroducingthisadverbialclausewhichmodifieswasinthemainclause.Windowisthesubjectoftheclause.Wasisthehelpingverb,anddisruptiveisthepredicateadjectivemakingtheclauseintransitivelinkingorpattern#4. Notethatthenaturalorderofanadverbialclauseisafterthemainclause.
8、However,anadverbialclauseisokayatthebeginningofasentence.Ifitcomesatthebeginning,however,acommaisusedtoseparateitfromthemainclause. Canyoudeterminethec
