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1、Chapter10 PersonalityAPPsychologyMr.TusowPersonalityPersonality:Thepsychologicalqualitiesthatbringaconsistencytoanindividual’sthoughtsandbehaviorsindifferentsituationsandatdifferenttimes.Personalityisacontinuouslychangingprocess,shapedbyourindividualneedsandcogn
2、itionsandbyexternalpressuresfromthesocialenvironment.Itisthethreadthatconsistentlyrunsthroughourlives.TwoMainTheoriesPsychodynamicTheory:Freud’stheorythatcallsattentiontomotivation,especiallyunconsciousmotives,andtheinfluenceofourpastexperiences.HumanisticTheory
3、:Atheorythatemphasizesthepresent,subjectivereality-whatwebelieveisimportantnow,whatwethinkofourselvesinrelationtoothersisimportantnow.ClinicalPerspectiveTheclinicalperspectiveutilizesacombinationofthepsychodynamicandhumanistictheories.Thisismostoftenusedbypsycho
4、logistswhoareworkingwithpeoplewhoareseekingcounseling.SocialCognitiveTheorySocial-cognitivetheoryderivesfromexperimentsinpsychologyratherthanclinicalwork.Thistheoryisbasedontheideathatpersonalityisaresultoflearning,perceptionandsocialinteraction.Despitewhatitsee
5、ms,social-cognitivetheoryandclinicalperspectivecomplimenteachotherandsharesomecommonideas.PsychodynamicTheoriesAlthoughthereareavarietyofpsychodynamictheories,theyoriginatewithFreud’spsychoanalytictheory.Inthistheory,Freudsaidtheunconscious,thehiddenpartsofthemi
6、nd,wasasourceofpowerfulimpulses,instincts,motives,andconflictsthatenergizepersonality.PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysisfocusesonhowthemind’senergyisexchanged,transformedandexpressed.The“mentalstream”ofthesexdrivewascalledtheEros,heGreekgodforpassionatelove.Theenergyb
7、ehindthisdrivewascalledlibido,Latinforlust.The“mentalstream”fordestructionwasThanatos.Freudcalleditthe“deathinstinct”thatdrivesaggressiveanddestructiveactshumanscommitagainsteachother.PersonalityStructureFreudsawhumanpersonalityasanicebergwiththreeparts:theEgo,S
8、uperegoandId.Inthismodel,thesuperegoandtheidwereantagonistparts,regulatedbytheego.IdSuperegoEgoConsciousmindUnconsciousmindTheIdInFreud’smodel,theidistheprimitive,unc
