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2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编专题13阅读理解D篇真题变式题（全国乙卷）【2023年高考真题】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.2．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific.B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay.D．Hisrecordwasone-sided.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编专题13阅读理解D篇真题变式题（全国乙卷）【2023年高考真题】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.2．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific.B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay.D．Hisrecordwasone-sided.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem.B．History.C．Voice.D．Society.4．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD．HowArtWorksTellStories【答案】1．A2．D3．B4．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.(理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.(在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。【高考真题变式题1】Scienceisaprocessthatbuildsuponexistingtheoriesandknowledgebycontinuouslyrevisingthem.Everyaspectofscientificknowledgecanbequestioned,includingthegeneralrulesofthinkingthatappeartobemostcertain.Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tdiminish(降低)thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.Considerafolkhealer’sherbalmedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific”?Yes,ifitisproventobeeffective,evenifwehavenoideawhyitworks.Infact,quiteafewcommonmedicationsusedtodayhavetheirorigininfolktreatments,andwearestillnotsurehowtheywork.Thisdoesnotimplythatfolktreatmentsaregenerallyeffective.Tothecontrary,manyofthemarenot.Whatdistinguishesscientificmedicineisthereadinesstoseriouslytestatreatmentandtobereadytochangeourmindsifsomethingisshownnottowork.Aresearchdoctorinamodernhospitalmustbereadytochangehistheoryifamoreeffectivewayofunderstandingillness,or学科网（北京）股份有限公司
treatingit,becomesavailable.Whatmakesmodernscienceuniquelypowerfulisitsrefusaltobelievethatitalreadypossessesultimatetruth.Thereliabilityofscienceisbasednotoncertaintybutonacompleteabsenceofcertainty.AsJohnStuartMillwrotein“OnLiberty”in1859,“Thebeliefswhichwehavemostwarrant(依据)for,havenosafeguardtoreston,butastandinginvitationtothewholeworldtoprovethemunfounded.”5．Whydoestheauthorraisethetwoquestionsinparagraph1?A．Toaddsomefun.B．Toexpressdoubts.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Toprovidebackground.6．Whatcanwelearnabouttoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?A．Itcanbetimeless.B．Itcanbeimproved.C．Itisoflittlevalue.D．Itisthebestatanymoment.7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardfolktreatment?A．Dismissive.B．Objective.C．Pessimistic.D．Sympathetic.8．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A．Itisunwisetobelieveinscience.B．Toomuchuncertaintyliesinscience.C．Thefoundationofscienceisunfounded.D．Thelackofcertaintymakessciencecredible.【答案】5．C6．B7．B8．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了尽管科学总是在变化，但是它还是值得信赖的原因。5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?(那么，如果科学总是在变化，为什么它是值得信赖的呢？如果明天我们看到的世界不再像牛顿或爱因斯坦发现的那样，我们为什么要认真对待今天对世界的科学描述呢？)”及下文论述可推知，作者在第一段中提出了两个问题是为了引入文章话题。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tdiminish(降低)thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.(答案很简单：因为在我们历史的任何时刻，这种对世界的描述都是我们拥有的最好的描述。它可以变得更好这一事实不能削弱它是理解世界的有用工具这一事实)”可知，今天对世界的科学描述还可以改进。故选B。学科网（北京）股份有限公司
7．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Considerafolkhealer’sherbalmedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific”?Yes,ifitisproventobeeffective,evenifwehavenoideawhyitworks.Infact,quiteafewcommonmedicationsusedtodayhavetheirorigininfolktreatments,andwearestillnotsurehowtheywork.Thisdoesnotimplythatfolktreatmentsaregenerallyeffective.Tothecontrary,manyofthemarenot.(考虑一下民间治疗师的草药。我们能说这种治疗是“科学的”吗？是的，如果它被证明是有效的，即使我们不知道它为什么有效。事实上，今天使用的许多常用药物都起源于民间治疗，我们仍然不确定它们是如何起作用的。这并不意味着民间疗法通常是有效的。相反，许多民间疗法并非如此)”可知，作者既陈述了民间治疗的优点，又提到了不足。由此推知，作者对民间治疗持客观态度。故选B。8．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Whatmakesmodernscienceuniquelypowerfulisitsrefusaltobelievethatitalreadypossessesultimatetruth.Thereliabilityofscienceisbasednotoncertaintybutonacompleteabsenceofcertainty.(现代科学之所以具有独特的力量，是因为它拒绝相信自己已经掌握了终极真理。科学的可靠性不是建立在确定的基础上，而是建立在完全不确定的基础上)”可知，第四段主要论述了缺乏确定性使得科学可信。故选D。【高考真题变式题2】Whomshouldyoumarry?Whereshouldyoulive?Howshouldyouspendyourtime?Forcenturies,peoplehavereliedontheirgutinstincts(直觉)tofigureouttheanswerstotheselife-changingquestions.Now,though,thereisabetterway.Wearelivingthroughadataexplosion,asvastamountsofinformationaboutallaspectsofhumanbehaviorhavebecomemoreandmoreaccessible.Wecanusethisbigdatatohelpdeterminethebestcoursetochart.Therehaslongbeenoverwhelming-andoftensurprising-evidencethatalgorithms(算法)canbemuchbetterthanpeopleatmakingdifficultdecisions.Researchershavecollecteddataonvariouskindsofchoicespeoplemake,theinformationtheybasethosechoiceson,andhowthingsturnout.Theyhavefound,forexample,thatasimpledata-drivenalgorithmwouldhavebeenbetterthanjudgesatdecidingwhetheradefendantshouldstayinjail(监狱)orbereleased;betterthandoctorsatdecidingwhetherapatientshouldgetaprocedure;andbetterthanschoolprincipalsatdecidingwhichteachersshouldbepromoted.Thepowerofdataanalysishasbeenprovedinthesportsandbusinessworlds,too.AsmadefamousbythebookandmovieMoneyball,baseballteamsfoundthatalgorithmswerebetterthanscouts(物色优秀运动员的人)atpickingplayers,andbetterthanmanagersatpickingstrategies.Infinance,thehedgefund(避险基金)RenaissanceTechnologiesdramaticallydefeatedcompetitorsbyseekingoutpatternsinstockmarketdataand学科网（北京）股份有限公司
usingthemtoinformitsinvestmentstrategy.TechfirmsinSiliconValleyhavefoundthatdatafromexperimentsprovidesbetterinsightsintohowtodesigntheirwebsitesthandesignerscould.Thesearetheearlydaysofthedatarevolutionindecision-making.Iamnotclaimingthatwecancompletelyoutsource(外包)ourlifestylechoicestoalgorithms,thoughwemightgettothatpointinthefuture.Iamclaiminginsteadthatwecanalldramaticallyimproveourdecision-makingbyconsultingevidenceminedfromthousandsormillionsofpeoplewhofaceddilemmassimilartoours.Andwecandothatnow.9．Whatmakespeoplebetteratfindinganswerstolife-changingquestions?A．People’sbettergutinstincts.B．Changedhumanbehavior.C．Themoderninformationera.D．Variouscoursesaccessible.10．Accordingtoparagraph2,algorithmsmightNOTdefeatpeoplein______.A．courtrulingsB．jobpromotionsC．operativeestimationD．teachingpractices11．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A．TheplotofthemovieMoneyballisrelatedtosuccessfuldataanalysis.B．Scoutsandmanagersarenotneededinsuccessfulbaseballteams.C．ThehedgefundRenaissanceTechnologieshadsomefinancialproblems.D．TechfirmsinSiliconValleymainlyreliedondatatodesignwebsites.12．Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A．Themoderninformationeraismatureenoughtotakeadvantageof.B．Peopleshouldoutsourceallthelifestylechoicestoalgorithms.C．Withbigdatapeoplecanlearnfromcountlesssimilarexamples.D．Face-to-faceconsultationwillbethemajortrendinthefuture.【答案】9．C10．D11．A12．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者陈述并论证了自己的观点：我们应该拥抱大数据让它参与人生重大决定。9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Wearelivingthroughadataexplosion,asvastamountsofinformationaboutallaspectsofhumanbehaviorhavebecomemoreandmoreaccessible.Wecanusethisbigdatatohelpdeterminethebestcoursetochart.(我们正生活在一个数据爆炸的时代，关于人类行为各个方面的大量信息变得越来越容易获取。我们可以利用这些大数据来帮助确定绘制地图的最佳路线。)”可知。作者主要的观点是在信息时代利用大数据去帮助自己决定选择哪条路径。故选C项。学科网（北京）股份有限公司
10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Theyhavefound,forexample,thatasimpledata-drivenalgorithmwouldhavebeenbetterthanjudgesatdecidingwhetheradefendantshouldstayinjail(监狱)orbereleased;betterthandoctorsatdecidingwhetherapatientshouldgetaprocedure;andbetterthanschoolprincipalsatdecidingwhichteachersshouldbepromoted.(例如，他们发现，一个简单的数据驱动算法在决定被告是应该留在监狱还是释放时，会比法官做得更好；在决定病人是否应该接受手术方面比医生做得更好；而且比学校校长更擅长决定哪些老师应该升职。)”可知，数据驱动的算法在这些方面表现更好：在法官决定被告人是该监禁还是释放方面；在医生决定病人是否该做手术方面；在学校校长决定哪些老师应该升职方面，在以上方面，算法都比人类做的好，由此可知，只有“教学实践”方面有可能不会打败人类。故选D项。11．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thepowerofdataanalysishasbeenprovedinthesportsandbusinessworlds,too.AsmadefamousbythebookandmovieMoneyball,baseballteamsfoundthatalgorithmswerebetterthanscouts(物色优秀运动员的人)atpickingplayers,andbetterthanmanagersatpickingstrategies.(数据分析的力量在体育和商业领域也得到了证明。正如书和电影《点球成金》(Moneyball)所述，棒球队发现算法在挑选球员方面比球探好，在挑选策略方面比经理好。)”可知，在电影《点球成金》中，算法在挑选球员和挑选策略方面比人类要好，由此可知，电影“点球成金”中的情节与成功的数据分析有关系。故选A项。12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Iamclaiminginsteadthatwecanalldramaticallyimproveourdecision-makingbyconsultingevidenceminedfromthousandsormillionsofpeoplewhofaceddilemmassimilartoours.Andwecandothatnow.(相反，我认为我们都可以通过咨询从成千上万与我们面临类似困境的人那里获得的证据来显著改善我们的决策。我们现在就能做到。)”可知，作者认为，在众多面临着类似的困境的人那里获取的数据，能极大地帮助人们的决策，所以作者应该赞成“我们可以运用大数据从类似的例子中学习”这一观点。故选C项。【高考真题变式题3】WhenImentionedtosomefriendsthatweallhaveaccents,mostofthemproudlyreplied,“Well,IspeakperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc.”Butthiskindofmissesthepoint.Moreoftenthannot,whatwemeanwhenwesaysomeone“hasanaccent”isthattheiraccentisdifferentfromthelocalone,orthatpronunciationsaredifferentfromourown.Butthisdefinitionofaccentsislimitingandcouldgiverisetoprejudice.Funnilyenough,intermsofthelanguagestudy,everypersonspeakswithanaccent.Itistheregulardifferencesinhowweproducesoundsthatdefineouraccents.Evenifyoudon’thearityourself,youspeakwithsomesortofaccent.Inthissense,it’spointlesstopointoutthatsomeone“hasanaccent“.Wealldo!学科网（北京）股份有限公司
Everypersonspeaksadialect,too.Inthefieldoflanguagestudy,adialectisaversionofalanguagethatischaracterizedbyitsvariationsofstructure,phrasesandwords.Forinstance,“Yougoteatornot?”(meaning“Haveyoueaten?”)isanacceptableandunderstoodquestioninSingaporeOralEnglish.ThefactthatthisexpressionwouldcauseastandardAmericanEnglishspeakertotakepausedoesn’tmeanthatSingaporeOralEnglishis“wrong”or“ungrammatical”.Thesentenceiswell-formedandclearlycommunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers’solidsystemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseit’sdifferent?Weneedtomovebeyondanarrowconceptionofaccentsanddialects—forthebenefitofeveryone.Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinctpartofone’sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.13．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhis/herfriends’responseinparagraph1?A．Itreflectstheirselfconfidence.B．Itreflectstheirlanguagelevels.C．Itmissesthepointofcommunication.D．Itmissestherealmeaningofaccents.14．WhydoestheauthorusetheexampleofSingaporeOralEnglish?A．Tojustifytheuseofdialects.B．Toshowthediversityofdialects.C．Tocorrectagrammaticalmistake.D．Tohighlightatraditionalapproach.15．Whatdoestheauthorrecommendustodointhelastparagraph?A．Learntospeakwithyourlocaldialect.B．Seekforanofficialdefinitionofaccents.C．Appreciatethevalueofaccentsanddialects.D．Distinguishourlocallanguagesfromothers’.16．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsaccent?A．FavourableB．IntolerantC．DoubtfulD．Unclear【答案】13．D14．A15．C16．A学科网（北京）股份有限公司
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了每个人都有口音。从这个意义上说，指出某人“有口音”是毫无意义的。语言差异可以帮助人们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，因此我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“WhenImentionedtosomefriendsthatweallhaveaccents,mostofthemproudlyreplied,“Well,IspeakperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc.”Butthiskindofmissesthepoint.(当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，他们中的大多数人都自豪地回答说：“好吧，我的英语/汉语等都说得很好。”但这种说法没有切中要害。)”可知，作者认为他/她的朋友忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Thesentenceiswell-formedandclearlycommunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers’solidsystemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseit’sdifferent?(根据新加坡英语使用者扎实的语法体系，这个句子结构良好，沟通清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就应该是错误的？)”可知，作者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的。所以作者使用新加坡口语的例子是在为使用方言进行辩护。故选A。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinctpartofone’sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.(像这样的语言差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景。在一个全球化的时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人身份的一个独特部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们演讲背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。)”可知，作者在最后一段中建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值，这样我们可以更好了解我们的世界，交更多的朋友。故选C。16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinctpartofone’sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.(像这样的语言差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景。在一个全球化的时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人身份的一个独特部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们演讲背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。)”可推知，作者建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值，故他对方言的态度是支持的。故选A。【高考真题变式题4】Youknowyouhaveto”readbetweenlines.“Iwanttopersuadeyoutodosomethingequallyimportantinthecourseofyourreading.Iwanttopersuadeyouto”writebetweenthelines.“Unlessyoudo,youarenotlikelytodothemostefficient(效率高的)kindofreading.Iinsistthatmakingupabookisnotanactofdamagebutoflove.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
Therearetwowaysinwhichonecanownabook.Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouhavebybuyingit,justasyoupayforclothesandfurniture.Butthisactofbuyingisonlythefirststeptopossession.Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself,andthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.Acomparisonmaymakethepointclear.Youbuyapieceofbeeffromthebutcher’sicebox.Butyoudonotownthebeefinthemostimportantsenseuntilyoueatitandgetitintoyourblood.Iamarguingthatbooks,too,mustbeabsorbedinyourbloodtodoyouanygood.Therearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbestsellersunread,untouched.Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks—afewofthemreadthrough,mostofthemdippedinto,butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought.Thethirdhasafewbookseveryoneofthemworn,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,markedfromfronttoback.Whyismakingupabooknecessarytoreadit?First,itkeepsyouwideawake.Inthesecondplace,reading,ifitisactive,isthinking,andthinkingtendstoexpressitselfinwords,spokenorwritten.Themarkedbooksisusuallythethoughtthroughthebook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.17．Thethirdkindofbookownersmustbe________.A．experiencedreadersB．untidyreadersC．efficientreadersD．carelessreaders18．Theunderlinedphrase”makingupabook“probablymeans________.A．writingdowndifficultsentencesB．findingtheextrameaningsofunknownwordsC．writinginthespacetheideasyougetthroughreadingD．makingnotestoshowyouunderstandwhatyouhaveread19．Howdoestheauthorpersuadeyoutoownabook?A．Tomakeitapartofyourselfbywritinginit.B．Towritedownwordsandsentencesthatbringuprichideas.C．Tomarkpuzzlingquestionsthatchallengeyou.D．Tonotewhateverdisagreementsyoumayhavewiththebook.20．Oneoftheadvantagesofmakingupabookisto________.A．absorballthebrilliantideasitcontainsB．keepeitheryourthoughtsorthewriter’sinmind学科网（北京）股份有限公司
C．makeyourselfawakesothatyoucangetmorepleasureD．enableyourselftopickupthebookforcontinualreading【答案】17．C18．C19．A20．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了给一本书做标记的好处，可以让书中思想成为自己的一部分。17．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thethirdhasafewbookseveryoneofthemworn,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,markedfromfronttoback.(第三种类有几本书，每一本都因为长期使用而磨损、松动，从前到后都有标记。)”可知，第三种类有几本书，每一本都因不断使用而磨损、松动，从正面到背面都有标记。可推测，第三种读者充分阅读吸收了书中的内容，是高效的读者。故选C。18．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Iwanttopersuadeyouto”writebetweenthelines.“Unlessyoudo,youarenotlikelytodothemostefficient(效率高的)kindofreading.(我想劝你“在字里行间写”。除非你这样做，否则你不可能进行最有效的阅读。)”以及最后一段中的“Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.(最后，写作可以帮助你记住你的想法，或者作者表达的想法。)”可知，在阅读的时，作者建议“在字里行间写”进行写作，这是最有效的阅读，即通过在书的空白处进行写作或者批注，能够帮助你记住自己的想法或者作者表达的想法，由此推断划线词“makingupabook”意为“在空白处写下你通过阅读得到的想法”。故选C。19．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself,andthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.(只有当你把它变成你自己的一部分时，你才能完全拥有它，而让你自己成为其中一部分的最好方式就是在上面写下来。)”可知，作者通过写下来让它成为你自己的一部分由此说服你拥有一本书。故选A。20．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Themarkedbooksisusuallythethoughtthroughthebook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.(有标记的书通常是贯穿全书的思想。最后，写作可以帮助你记住自己的想法，或者作者表达的想法。)”可知，给一本书做标记的好处之一就是记住你的想法或者作者的想法。故选B。学科网（北京）股份有限公司
