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2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编专题11阅读理解B篇真题变式题(全国乙卷)【2023年高考真题】LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(风景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.1.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.2.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.3.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.学科网(北京)股份有限公司
C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.4.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging.D.Comforting.【高考真题变式题1】Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldalonehavebeenmakingheadlinesquiteoften.Ayoungpersonaloneinadangeroussituationattractsattentionandsponsors.Youngsailorsalsoattractvariousviews.Forexample,JessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyage,yetthePrimeMinistercalledher“aheroforyoungAustralians”whenshereturned.Itseemsthatthereisconfusionaboutthecompetenceandindependenceofyoungpeople.Thepopularpsychologiststellusthatteenagebrainsarelikelytomakewrongjudgments.Butsuchideasoftendonotapplytospecificindividuals.Betweentheagesof14and18,teenagersvarygreatlyintheirabilities.Theamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelated,responsibleadults.Someteensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcanmakechildishmistakes,buttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhard-headedandwell-qualifiedadultsupporters.Butit’salsowrongtothinkthatany16-year-oldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatson’s.Watsoncallsherself“anordinarygirlwhohasadream”.Herintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthem.Shouldallteenshavesuchdreams?Actually,individualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreams.Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldaloneshouldnotbejudgedbypreconceived(事先形成的)viewsaboutyoungpeople.Norshould“ordinary”teenagersfeelstressedtolongforextraordinarypersonalgoals.Infact,Ibelievetheexampleofsolosailingoverstressesindividualism.Theteenageyearsarewhenmostofus“ordinary”peoplelearnthatwecanachievegreatthingsincooperationwithothers.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutJessicaWatson?A.Shewascriticizedbythegovernment.B.Sheeventuallycanceledhervoyage.学科网(北京)股份有限公司
C.ShehastraveledaroundAustralia.D.Shemadeasuccessfulvoyage.6.Whatcanbeinferredaboutteenagersfromthetext?A.Theyhavesimilarabilities.B.Theymakedecisionsontheirown.C.Theyalwaysmakewrongjudgments.D.Theyneedsupportofresponsibleadults.7.Whodoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?A.Parents.B.Teenagers.C.Psychologists.D.Adults.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DividedOpinionsonYoungAdventurersB.ProblemsFacedbyAdventurousTeensC.VariousWaystoBecomeIndependentD.PressuretoAchievePersonalGoals【高考真题变式题2】Somepeoplesaythattheplanetisgettingsmaller,thattherearefewplaceslefttoexplore,andthattheageofexplorationwillbeoversoon.Iwouldargueinsteadthattherehasneverbeenagreaterneedtoexplore.That’sbecausethestageforallexplorationisthenaturalworld,andnatureisexperiencingarapiddecline.Itisbyexploringthatweunderstandandwhenweunderstandwedevelopanappreciationforwhatisfound.Ultimately,onlythethingsweappreciateareworthprotecting.Asthegoldenageofexplorationweakens,sodoestherichnessoflifeonEarth.Itisn’tjustthattherearefewerblankareasonthemap;itisthatwildplacesandspaceshavebeenprogressivelycarvedup(瓜分).VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaself-supportedexpedition.Fieldstationspopupinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebecomescommonplace.Inthenextcentury,Ibelievewewillneedlargerandwilderareas.Wewillneedthewilderness,notjustfortheprotectionofit,butbecauseitisanimportantpartoftheecosystemsfromwhichwegainournecessitieslikecleanwater,foodandmaterials.Ifwesucceed,thenexpeditions—brieftravelsintothewildthatseektoanswer学科网(北京)股份有限公司
questions,monitorpopulations,andinspireaction—willhavearenewedsenseofpurpose.Moreimportantly,theygreatlyhelpthepublicexperience,understandandappreciatenature.Basedonmyownresearchexpeditionwhichaimstounderstand“edgeeffects”—howthechangesintemperatureatforestedgesimpactanimals,Ifinditimportantthattoday’sscientistscontinuetospendtimeinthefield.Itisherethattheybegintounderstandhowseeminglyunrelatedenvironmentalinteractionsinfluencetheirstudysystem.Sometimes,it’sdifficulttoknowwhichisimportanttomeasureuntilyoustandoutthereontheforestedge.Itistheyounggenerationthatisthemainforcetoleadthenextwaveofexpeditions.Themeasureoftheirsuccesswillbewhethertherearestillwell-preservedwildplacesforexpeditionsinthefuture.Theirleadershipisneedednow,morethanever.9.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Tosuggestunderstandingnaturebykeepingexploring.B.Toadvisepeoplenottotraveltounknownplaces.C.Toinformusaboutthereducedbiodiversity.D.Tocallonthepublictosupportthestudy.10.WhatcanweknowabouttheexpeditioninwildspacesfromParagraph3?A.Itisdifficultforexplorerstomakeprogress.B.Itismoreaccessiblewiththehelpoftechnology.C.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofsatellitetechnology.D.Itrequiresexplorerstotakesufficientheavyequipment.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“popup”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Appearunexpectedly.B.Closetemporarily.C.Developquickly.D.Differgreatly.12.Whatdoestheauthorrealizeafterhisresearchexpedition?A.Thesignificanceofscientists’fieldtrip.B.Thedifficultyofcarryingoutfieldwork.C.Theneedtoexpandtheedgesofforests.D.Theinfluenceofhisstudyontheenvironment.【高考真题变式题3】学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Hundredsoffeetbelowtheocean’ssurface,somewherebetweenthedarkoceanfloorandthebrightblueshallows,liesthetwilightzone.It’saworldoftheunknown,andmanyassumedthatthelackoflightandcoldtemperaturesmeantfewspeciescouldexistthere.Butonescientisthasbeendivingintotheinkydepthstoshowthere’smuchmoretolifetherethanwasfirstthought.Rocha,aresearcherfromtheCaliforniaAcademyofSciences,wasattractedtotwilightzonereefsbecauseoftheirmystery(神秘).“Everydivewedotothosedepthsleadstoanewdiscovery,”hesays.Todate,hehasidentifiedover300newspecies.Enteringthetwilightzoneisnoeasyfeat.Recreationaldivingiscappedat130feetforsafetyreasons,butRochadivesasfaras500feet.Todothisrequiresdeepconcentration,intensetechnicaltrainingandastrongdoseofbravery.Rochausuallydivesinagroupwithtwoscientistsandonesafetyofficer.Theyspendhourspreparingthekit,ensuringeverypieceofequipmentisfunctioningwellandthattheyareequippedtodealwithunderwateremergencies.Whilethetwilightzonehasbeenexploredbyveryfewpeople,theeffectsofhumanactivityarestillapparent.Oneoftheirfirstdiscoveriesisthatthosedeeperreefsarereallynotashelterforshallowreeforganisms.Theyarealmostasimpactedastheshallowreefsare.Theyfindplasticwasteandfishinggearinsomeofthedeepestreefsandhasobservedtheimpactofoverfishingandclimatechange.Rochahopesthathisresearchcanhelptoeducatepeopleaboutthetwilightzoneandinspireactiontoprotectit.“Idon’tthinkit’senoughjusttodothescience.Wetakemany,manyphotographs…andwebringthosestoriesbackuptothesurfaceandweshareitwithasmanypeopleaspossible.Forthemostpart,I’dliketoletpeoplerealizethatthosecreaturesareunderthreat,”hesays.13.Whydomanypeoplethinkthereisfewspeciesatthetwilightzone?A.Itisn’tfarfromtheocean’ssurface.B.Itiscoldandlackslight.C.Itiscompletelydarkallday.D.Itisaworldthatpeoplecannotgetto.14.Whatcanweknowaboutthetwilightzone?A.Thereareonlyalotofreefsthere.B.Peoplehavemuchknowledgeaboutit.C.Therearealargenumberofvariouslivingthings.D.Therearen’tasmanyspeciesaspeoplethinkbefore.学科网(北京)股份有限公司
15.HowisRocha’sjourneytothetwilightzone?A.Itisrisky.B.Itiseasy.C.Itiscomfortable.D.Itislonely.16.WhatcanbeinferredfromRocha’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Hisscientificresearchishardlyinspirational.B.Takingpicturesunderwaterisenjoyable.C.Humansareresponsibleforprotectingthetwilightzone.D.Theresearchatthetwilightzoneisnowunderthreat.【高考真题变式题4】Climberstargetingpeaksabove5,000metersintheTibetautonomousregion,includingthenorthsideofQomolangma,nowhavetoapplyforapermit,accordingtoaruleissuedbyChinesesportsauthorities.Tomakeclimbingsafer,oratleastlessdeadly,theGeneralAdministrationofSportandthesportsbureauofTibetreleasedanotification(通知)requiringclimberstosendanapplicationtothebureauatleastamonthinadvanceoftheirplannedclimb.Itsaidclimbingwithoutpermitswillbestrictlyforbidden.“Inrecentyears,casesofinjuries,missingpeopleanddeathshavebeenwitnessedasaresultofillegalclimbing,”thenotificationsaid.“Climbingisahighlyprofessionalsportwithhighrisk.Mostillegalclimberslackprofessionalskills,facilitiesandtourguides.Suchactivitieswillinterferewithorderlyclimbingandbringrisks,notonlytotheclimbersthemselvesbutalsorescuers.Theywillalsoleadtoalossofpersonalornationalproperty.”Applicationswillneedtodetaileachindividualclimber’spersonalinformation,proposedclimbingroutesandrelatedplans.Climbersarealsobeingaskedtoobeyrelatedrulestoprotectmountainenvironments.Thenotificationalsourgedregionalgovernmentdepartmentstostrengthensafetychecksandtheprohibitionofillegalclimbing,encourageresidentstojoinregularpatrolsnearmajorclimbingroutesandpromotepubliceducationonclimbingsafety.InapreviousinterviewwithChinaDaily,KulBahadurGurung,generalsecretaryoftheNepalMountaineeringAssociation,saiddifficultweatherconditions,lackofexperienceandsupportpersonnel,andthecommercialization(商业化)ofexpeditionswerethemainreasonsforthehighdeathtollontheworld’shighestpeak.“SincethenumberofpeoplereachingthesummitofEverestisincreasing,everyonethinksitiseasiertoclimbandeveryonecanclimb,whichisatotallyfalseidea,”hesaid.17.WhyisapermitneededforQomolangmaclimbers?学科网(北京)股份有限公司
A.Tostopillegalclimbing.B.Toprovidetrainingahead.C.Tolimitthenumberofclimbers.D.Tocollectclimbers’information.18.Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlined“interferewith”inParagraph3?A.Test.B.Change.C.Replace.D.Disturb.19.WhatdoesParagraph4focusonaboutthenotification?A.Itscontent.B.Itspurpose.C.Itsbackground.D.Itsimpact.20.WhatdoesKulBahadurGurungthinkoftheEverestclimbing?A.It’satotallyfalseidea.B.Itshouldbeeco-friendly.C.It’shighlyprofessional.D.Itshouldbenon-profitable.学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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