三年（21-23）高考真题汇编分项解读及变式专题04 阅读理解D篇真题变式题（甲卷解析版）.docx

《三年（21-23）高考真题汇编分项解读及变式专题04 阅读理解D篇真题变式题（甲卷解析版）.docx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编专题04阅读理解D篇真题变式题（全国甲卷）【2023年高考真题】Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.ThewesternhalfoftheUSwasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheUS.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheUSFishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.Obviously,ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.1．HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A．Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B．Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C．Theyareofhighscientificvalue.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编专题04阅读理解D篇真题变式题（全国甲卷）【2023年高考真题】Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.ThewesternhalfoftheUSwasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheUS.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheUSFishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.Obviously,ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.1．HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A．Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B．Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C．Theyareofhighscientificvalue.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D．TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.2．Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?A．TheEuropeansettlers’behavior.B．Theexpansionofbears’range.C．Theprotectionbylawsince1975.D．ThesupportofNativeAmericans.3．WhathasstoppedtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicefromdelistinggrizzlies?A．Theoppositionofconservationgroups.B．Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.C．Thevoiceofthebiologists.D．Thelocalfarmers’advocates.4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B．Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C．Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D．Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.【答案】1．A2．C3．A4．B【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche-wereverethemevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.(灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.(1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.(如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.Theirrecovery学科网（北京）股份有限公司 hasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.(如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously,ifprecautionsaren’ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,“saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.(显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。【高考真题变式题1】Theevolutionofbutterfliescontinuesveryfast.Specieswithlargerwingspans(翼幅)haveexpandedtheirrangeinhigh-latitudepartsofNorthAmericaastheclimatehaswarmed,whilesmallerbutterfliesandthoseadaptedtocoldconditionshavetendedtodecline.VaughnShireyatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonDCandhiscolleaguesbuiltacomputationalmodeltoanalysethepresenceof90butterflyspeciesabove45northinNorthAmericafrom1970to2019.Theteamanalysedhowshiftingmonthlyminimumtemperaturesoverthepast50yearsmayhaveaffectedtherangesofbutterflies.Themonthlyminimumtemperaturesincreasedby0.86℃(1.5°F),onaverage,acrossthestudyregionfromthe1970stothe2010s.Astemperaturesrose,butterflyspecieswithlargerwingspansweremorelikelytospreadoutintoagreaterproportionofthestudyregion.Butforsmallerbutterflies,risingtemperatureswerelinkedwithaasmallernumberintheareaoverwhichtheywerefound.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 “Itseemslogicaltoassumethat,ifspecieswithlargerwingspanshavethecapacitytobettertraveltonewsuitablehabitats,itgivesthosespeciesanadvantageinachangingclimate,”saysYoanFourcadeattheInstituteofEcologyandEnvironmentalSciencesinParis.Butterfliesadaptedtowarmertemperaturesalsoseemedtohavedispersed(分散)moreacrossthestudyregionthanthoseadaptedtocolderclimates.Climatechangehasbeenlinkedwithafallinsomebutterflyspecies,includingthemonarch（Danausplexippus）inNorthAmerica.Butsomeappeartobeadapting:a2022studyfoundthatBritishbutterfliesaresteadilygettingbiggerinresponsetorisingtemperatures.5．Whatisthefocusofthearticle?A．Theimpactofclimatechangeonbutterflies.B．Themigrationpatternsofbutterflies.C．Thesizeofbutterflywingspans.D．Thesmallernumberofbutterflies.6．Whatistherelationshipbetweenrisingtemperaturesandsmallerbutterflies?A．Temperatureshavelittleeffectonsmallerbutterflies.B．Smallerbutterflieshaveincreasedinnumber.C．Smallerbutterflieshavereducedinnumber.D．Smallerbutterflieshavemigratedtocolderclimates.7．Whatadvantagedospecieswithlargerwingspanshaveinarisingclimate?A．Theyarebetterabletotraveltonewsuitablehabitats.B．Theyarebetteradaptedtocolderclimates.C．Theyaremoreresistanttoclimatechange.D．Theyaremorelikelytodisperseacross.8．Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeaboutbutterfliesinthelastparagraph?A．Theyaremigratingtowarmerclimates.B．Theyarebecomingsmallerinsize.C．Theyarereducinginnumber.D．Theyaregettingbigger.【答案】5．C6．C7．A8．D学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的随着气候变暖，在北美高纬度地区，翼展较大的蝴蝶扩大了它们的活动范围，而体型较小的蝴蝶和适应寒冷环境的蝴蝶则趋于减少。5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Theevolutionofbutterfliescontinuesveryfast.Specieswithlargerwingspans(翼幅)haveexpandedtheirrangeinhigh-latitudepartsofNorthAmericaastheclimatehaswarmed,whilesmallerbutterfliesandthoseadaptedtocoldconditionshavetendedtodecline.(蝴蝶的进化速度非常快。随着气候变暖，在北美高纬度地区，翼展较大的蝴蝶扩大了它们的活动范围，而体型较小的蝴蝶和适应寒冷环境的蝴蝶则趋于减少。)”以及文章第四段“Astemperaturesrose,butterflyspecieswithlargerwingspansweremorelikelytospreadoutintoagreaterproportionofthestudyregion.Butforsmallerbutterflies,risingtemperatureswerelinkedwithaasmallernumberintheareaoverwhichtheywerefound.(随着气温上升，翼展较大的蝴蝶种类更有可能扩散到更大比例的研究区域。但对于体型较小的蝴蝶来说，气温上升与它们所在地区的蝴蝶数量减少有关。)”可知，文章的主题是蝴蝶翼展的大小。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Butforsmallerbutterflies,risingtemperatureswerelinkedwithaasmallernumberintheareaoverwhichtheywerefound.(但对于体型较小的蝴蝶来说，气温上升与它们所在地区的蝴蝶数量减少有关。)”可知，气温上升后，小型蝴蝶的数量减少了。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据文章第五段““Itseemslogicaltoassumethat,ifspecieswithlargerwingspanshavethecapacitytobettertraveltonewsuitablehabitats,itgivesthosespeciesanadvantageinachangingclimate,”saysYoanFourcadeattheInstituteofEcologyandEnvironmentalSciencesinParis.(巴黎生态与环境科学研究所的YoanFourcade说：“如果翼展较大的物种有能力更好地前往新的栖息地，这似乎是合乎逻辑的假设，这使这些物种在不断变化的气候中具有优势。”)”可知，翼展较大的蝴蝶有能力更好地前往新的栖息地。故选A。8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Butsomeappeartobeadapting:a2022studyfoundthatBritishbutterfliesaresteadilygettingbiggerinresponsetorisingtemperatures.(但有些似乎正在适应：2022年的一项研究发现，英国蝴蝶正在稳步变大，以应对不断上升的气温。)”可知，作者在最后一段讲述的是为了应对不断上升的气温，蝴蝶正在变大。故选D。【高考真题变式题2】Nexttimeyou’rehavingtroublesolvingatrickypuzzle,consideraskinganearbybumblebee.AnewstudyinthejournalPLOSBiologyfindsthatbumblebeescanlearncertainbehaviorsfromeachother,suggestingthesesocialinsectshaveacapacityforwhatwehumanscall“culture.”Inthepastcoupleofdecades,agrowingbodyofevidencehasshownthatanimalslikechimpsandbirdsshowbehaviorsoflearning.Ifwhattheylearnlastsforalongtime,itturnsintoatradition.Andcultureismade学科网（北京）股份有限公司 upofmultipletraditions.“Bumblebees,though,havesomeofthemostcomplexbehavioralabilities,nobody’sreallythoughttolookatcultureinsuchinsectsandgenerallyassumethey’remostlydrivenbyinbornfactorsinstead,”saysAliceBridges,abehavioralecologistatAngliaRuskinUniversityinEngland.Toprovethemwrong,Bridgesbuiltapuzzlebox,whosebaseheldthereward:adropofsupersweetsugarwater.Theboxwasdesignedwitharotating(旋转)topthatcanberotatedbypushingeitheronaredtabclockwiseorabluetabanti-clockwise.Somebeesweretrainedtopushtheredtabtogetthesugarwaterwhileotherspushedtheblueone.Then,thesetutorbeeswereplacedinsidedifferentcolonies(蜂群),alongwiththepuzzleboxes.Theexperimentultimatelyplayeditselfout.Incolonieswherethetutorbeehadoriginallylearnedtopushtheredtab,theotherbeesinthecolonyusuallypushedtheredtab.Incolonieswherethetutorbeewastrainedtopushthebluetab,theirfellowbeesalsotendedtodothesame.Incontrast,inthecontrolgroupswithouttutors,thebeessometimeslearnedhowtoopentheboxes,butmostofthemwoulddoitonceortwiceandthenneveragain.“Theyperhapshadn’tquitemadethelinkbetweentheirbehaviorandthereward,”Bridgessupposes.“Manyofusconsiderourselvestoberatherspecial…becausewehaveculture,wecanlearnandwe’resocial,”Bridgessays.“Butnowitturnsoutthateventhebeealsohasculture,whichisanuncomfortabletruth:humanculture,oncethoughtunique,doesnotemerge‘outoftheblue’buthasobviouslybuiltondeepevolutionaryfoundations.9．Whatispeople’scommonattitudetobumblebeeshavingculture?A．Positive.B．Indifferent.C．Interested.D．Doubtful.10．WhydoesBridgesplacetrainedbeesinsidedifferentcolonies?A．Totesttheirlearningcapabilityinnewsettings.B．Toseeiftheywillspreadthesecretoftheboxes.C．Toevaluatetheirrulingpowerinvariousgroups.D．Toobserveiftheywillsharetheirfoodwithpeers.11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningthestudy?A．Itsappealtothepublic.B．Implicationsonculturalorigins.C．Itspracticalapplication.D．Suggestionsforfuturedirections.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HumanCultureIsLosingItsUniquenessB．Bee’sBehaviorBuildsonBiologicalFactors学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C．CultureMayBePresentAmongBumblebeesD．Animals’EvolutionMayStartFromColonies【答案】9．D10．B11．B12．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化的能力。9．推理判断题。根据第三段““Bumblebees,though,havesomeofthemostcomplexbehavioralabilities,nobody’sreallythoughttolookatcultureinsuchinsectsandgenerallyassumethey’remostlydrivenbyinbornfactorsinstead,”saysAliceBridges,abehavioralecologistatAngliaRuskinUniversityinEngland.(英国AngliaRuskin大学的行为生态学家AliceBridges说：“尽管大黄蜂有一些最复杂的行为能力，但没有人真正考虑过这种昆虫的文化，通常认为它们主要是由先天因素驱动的。”)”可知，人们通常认为大黄蜂的文化是由先天因素驱动的，对大黄蜂具有文化持有怀疑的态度。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第五段“Theexperimentultimatelyplayeditselfout.Incolonieswherethetutorbeehadoriginallylearnedtopushtheredtab,theotherbeesinthecolonyusuallypushedtheredtab.Incolonieswherethetutorbeewastrainedtopushthebluetab,theirfellowbeesalsotendedtodothesame.(实验最终成功了。在辅导蜂最初学会按下红色标签的蜂群中，蜂群中的其他蜜蜂通常会按下红色标签。在辅导蜂被训练按下蓝色标签的蜂群，它们的同伴也倾向于这样做)”可推知，布里奇斯把经过训练的蜜蜂放在不同的蜂群里，是为了观察蜜蜂是否会传播盒子里的秘密，将自己的行为传播给同伴。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Butnowitturnsoutthateventhebeealsohasculture,whichisanuncomfortabletruth:humanculture,oncethoughtunique,doesnotemerge‘outoftheblue’buthasobviouslybuiltondeepevolutionaryfoundations.(但现在事实证明，即使是蜜蜂也有文化，这是一个令人不安的事实：人类文化，曾经被认为是独一无二的，并不是‘突然’出现的，而是显然建立在深厚的进化基础上的)”可知，本段主要介绍了曾经被认为是独一无二的文化并不是突然出现，而是逐渐进化而来的，本段主要谈论了这项研究对于文化起源的影响。故选B。12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“AnewstudyinthejournalPLOSBiologyfindsthatbumblebeescanlearncertainbehaviorsfromeachother,suggestingthesesocialinsectshaveacapacityforwhatwehumanscall“culture.”(PLOSBiology杂志上的一项新研究发现，大黄蜂可以相互学习某些行为，这表明这些群居昆虫具有我们人类所说的“文化”的能力)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化的能力，所以“文化可能存在于大黄蜂中”可以作为文章标题。故选C。【高考真题变式题3】Floridawildlifeofficialssaymanatees(海牛)facingstarvationarebenefittingfromaprogramthatfeeds学科网（北京）股份有限公司 themontonsofdonatedlettuce(生菜).Theprogramaimstosaveasmanyofthelargeanimalsaspossibleaswaterpollutionhasledtoshortagesoftheirfavoritefood,seagrass.Theefforthasprovidedthemanateeswithmorethan25tonsoflettuce.Thefeedingsusuallydrawabout300to350manateesperday.Sometimes,thereareasmanyas800manatees.Normally,wildlifeexpertsadviseagainstpeoplefeedingwildanimals.Thisisbecauseitcanleadtheanimalstomakeanunhealthyconnectionbetweenhumansandfood.ItisacrimeinFloridaforapersontofeedmanateesontheirown,eventhoughofficialssaymanypeoplewanttodoso.Expertsbelievethebestwaypeoplecanhelpistodonatemoneythroughanofficialinstitution(机构).In2021,1101manateedeathswerereported,largelyfromstarvation.Thenormalfive-yearaverageisabout625deaths.Statewildlifeofficialssaythatsofarthisyear,164manateedeathshavebeenrecorded.TomReinert,thelocaldirectorofstate’sFishandWildlifeConservationCommission,saidthefeedingprogramhashelpedtoreducetherisingdeathrates.Officialsestimatethereareabout8,800manateesinFloridawaters.Thatisabigimprovementfromabout2,000thatexistedinthe1990s.Theincreasednumberswereresponsibleformanateesbeingremovedfromtheendangeredspecieslist.Themostimportantelementforsupportingtheremainingpopulationwillberestoringseagrassbeds.Sofar,Floridahassetaside$8milliontodealwiththatproblem.“Youcan’tjustgooutandplantabunchofseagrass,”Reinertsaid.Butheadded,“Projectsaregettingstartedandareintheplanningstages.”13．Whatistheprogramintendedtodo?A．Toreducefoodwaste.B．Tostudymanatees’eatinghabits.C．Torescuelargeanimalsfromstarvation.D．Tosolvetheproblemofwaterpollution.14．Whatdoexpertsadvisethepublictodoformanatees?A．Feedhealthyfoodtothem.B．Setupspecialrescuegroups.C．Paymorevisitstowildlifereserves.D．Offerfinancialaidtoofficialorganizations.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethefeedingprogram?A．Impractical.B．Significant.C．Complicated.D．Time-consuming.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 16．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ManateeSavingProgramB．OceanProtectingProgramC．ManateeFeedingProgramD．SeagrassBedsRestoringProgram【答案】13．C14．D15．B16．A【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了佛罗里达州的生菜喂养海牛项目。13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theprogramaimstosaveasmanyofthelargeanimalsaspossibleaswaterpollutionhasledtoshortagesoftheirfavoritefood,seagrass.(该项目旨在拯救尽可能多的大型动物，因为水污染导致它们最喜欢的食物海草短缺)”可知，该项目旨在保护大型动物免受饥饿。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Expertsbelievethebestwaypeoplecanhelpistodonatemoneythroughanofficialinstitution(机构).(专家认为，人们能提供帮助的最好方式是通过官方机构捐款)”可知，专家建议人们为官方组织提供资金援助，故选D。15．推理判断题。根据第三段“TomReinert,thelocaldirectorofstate’sFishandWildlifeConservationCommission,saidthefeedingprogramhashelpedtoreducetherisingdeathrates.Officialsestimatethereareabout8800manateesinFloridawaters.Thatisabigimprovementfromabout2000thatexistedinthe1990s.Theincreasednumberswereresponsibleformanateesbeingremovedfromtheendangeredspecieslist.(佛罗里达州当地鱼类和野生动物保护委员会的主任TomReinert表示，该喂养项目帮助降低了不断上升的海牛死亡率，据统计，佛罗里达海域现在约有8800头海牛，与20世纪90年代的大约2000头相比，这是一个很大的进步，海牛数量的增加也让海牛从濒危物种名单中被除名)”可推知，该喂养项目意义重大。故选B。16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Floridawildlifeofficialssaymanatees(海牛)facingstarvationarebenefittingfromaprogramthatfeedsthemontonsofdonatedlettuce(生菜).Theprogramaimstosaveasmanyofthelargeanimalsaspossibleaswaterpollutionhasledtoshortagesoftheirfavoritefood,seagrass.(佛罗里达州野生动物官员表示，面临饥饿的海牛正受益于一项以捐赠的数吨生菜为食的计划。该项目旨在拯救尽可能多的大型动物，因为水污染导致它们最喜欢的食物海草短缺)”结合文章主要介绍了佛罗里达州的生菜喂养海牛项目。故A选项“拯救海牛计划”最符合文章标题。故选A。【高考真题变式题4】Dogsandhumansclearlyhaveaspecialbond.Butdodogs,likehumans,producemoretearsattimeswhentheyarefloodedwithemotion?Anewstudy,whichmaybethefirsttolookatthisquestion,saysthat,indeed,theeyesofdogsdowellupwithtears.Infact,ithappensregularlywhenthey’rereunited(团聚)withtheowners.“Wefoundthatdogsproducetearsassociatedwithpositiveemotions,”saysTakefumiKikusuiofAzabu学科网（北京）股份有限公司 UniversityinJapan.“Wealsomadethediscoveryofachemical,oxytocin,asapossiblemechanism(机制)behindit.”Kikusuiandhiscolleaguesmadethediscoveryafteroneofhistwodogshadbabies6yearsago.Henoticedthat,whenhisdogwasnursingthebabies,somethingchangedinthedog’sface—thereweretears.Thosetearsdon’tfallastheyoftendoinhumansbuttheydogettearyeyes.“Thatgavemetheideathatoxytocinislikelytoincreasetears,”Kikusuisays.Theydecidedtorunareunificationexperimentandseeifoxytocinbroughtdogstotears.First,theyusedastandardtesttomeasuredogs’tearvolume(量)beforeandafterreunitingwiththeirowners.Theyfoundthattearvolumeindeedascendedwhentheygotbacktogetherwiththefamiliarhumanandnotwithapersontheydidn’tknow.Whentheyaddedoxytocintothedogs’eyes,theirtearvolumealsoincreased.Thatfindingsupportstheideathatthereleaseofoxytocinplaysaroleintearproductionwhendogsandtheirownersgetbacktogether.Theyalsoaskedpeopletoratepicturesofdogs’faceswithandwithoutartificialtearsinthem,anditturnedoutthatpeoplegavemorepositiveresponseswhentheysawdogswithtearyeyes.Thesefindingssuggestthatdogs’tearproductionhelpstodevelopstrongerconnectionsbetweenpeopleandtheirdogs.Kikusuisaystheyhadneverheardofthediscoverythatanimalsproducetearsinjoyfulsituations,suchasreunitingwiththeirowners,andthattheywereallexcitedthatthiswouldbeaworldfirst!17．What’stheauthor’spurposeinraisingthequestioninthefirstparagraph?A．Tocomparedifferentideas.B．Toexpresshispersonaldoubt.C．Toleadinthetopicfordiscussion.D．Tointroducetherichemotionsofdogs.18．WhatmadeKikusuithinkoxytocinmightincreasetears?A．Alessonatuniversity.B．Anexperienceofhisown.C．Theinteractionwithadog.D．Areminderfromhiscolleagues.19．Theunderlinedword“ascended”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A．remainedunchangedB．roseC．becamezeroD．decreased20．InKikusui’sopinion,theexperiment’sfindings________.A．cameasabigsurpriseB．requiredfurtherevidenceC．werewithintheirexpectationD．werecontrarytopreviousones学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】17．C18．B19．B20．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发现狗会像人类一样在情感激动时流泪并且狗的眼泪分泌有助于在人和狗之间建立更牢固的联系。17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Anewstudy,whichmaybethefirsttolookatthisquestion,saysthat,indeed,theeyesofdogsdowellupwithtears.Infact,ithappensregularlywhenthey’rereunited(团聚)withtheowners.”（一项可能是第一次研究这个问题的新研究表明，事实上，狗的眼睛会流泪。事实上，当它们与主人团聚时，这种情况经常发生。）可知，作者在第一段提出问题的目的是为了引出谈论的话题——狗会像人类一样在情感激动时流眼泪。故选C项。18．推理判断题。根据第三段“Henoticedthat,whenhisdogwasnursingthebabies,somethingchangedinthedog’sface—thereweretears.”（他注意到，当他的狗在哺乳婴儿时，狗的脸上发生了一些变化——有泪水。）及““Thatgavemetheideathatoxytocinislikelytoincreasetears,”Kikusuisays.”（Kikusui说：“这让我想到催产素可能会增加眼泪。”。）可知，Kikusui根据自己的一次经历，让他认为催产素会增加眼泪。故选B项。19．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词语后“Whentheyaddedoxytocintothedogs’eyes,theirtearvolumealsoincreased.”（他们发现，当他们给狗的眼睛添加催产素时，它们的眼泪量也增加了。）可知，前后句为排比句，根据also可知，前后句所发生的情况一致，既当狗狗与熟悉的人而不是不认识的人在一起时，眼泪的量确实也在上升，推断出ascended意为“上升，增加”和B项“上升”意思相近。故选B项。20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Kikusuisaystheyhadneverheardofthediscoverythatanimalsproducetearsinjoyfulsituations,suchasreunitingwiththeirowners,andthattheywereallexcitedthatthiswouldbeaworldfirst!”（Kikusui说，他们从未听说过动物在快乐的情况下会流泪，比如与主人团聚，他们都很兴奋这将是世界上第一次！）可知，Kikusui认为，实验的发现是人们从未听说过的，说明这个结果会让人大吃一惊。故选A项。学科网（北京）股份有限公司