三年(21-23)高考真题汇编分项解读及变式专题11 阅读理解B篇真题变式题(乙卷解析版).docx

三年(21-23)高考真题汇编分项解读及变式专题11 阅读理解B篇真题变式题(乙卷解析版).docx

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2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编专题11阅读理解B篇真题变式题(全国乙卷)【2023年高考真题】LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(风景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.1.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.2.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.3.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.学科网(北京)股份有限公司 2023年高考真题变式题分类汇编专题11阅读理解B篇真题变式题(全国乙卷)【2023年高考真题】LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(风景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.1.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.2.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.3.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.学科网(北京)股份有限公司 C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.4.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging.D.Comforting.【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师,在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。1.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.(我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险,沿途拍照)”可知,作为一名中西部的风景摄影师,作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。2.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.(尽管如此,回顾这些照片,它们仍然是我最好的一些照片,尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间,它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知,作者认为,风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。3.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.(然而,我们没有标出路线,所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知,作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中,到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。4.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.(尽管如此,回顾这些照片,它们仍然是我最好的一些照片,尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间,它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知,作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。【高考真题变式题1】Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldalonehavebeenmakingheadlinesquiteoften.Ayoungpersonaloneinadangeroussituationattractsattentionandsponsors.Youngsailorsalsoattractvariousviews.Forexample,JessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyage,yetthePrimeMinistercalledher“aheroforyoungAustralians”whenshereturned.Itseemsthatthereisconfusionaboutthecompetenceandindependenceofyoungpeople.Thepopularpsychologiststellusthatteenagebrainsarelikelytomakewrongjudgments.Butsuchideas学科网(北京)股份有限公司 oftendonotapplytospecificindividuals.Betweentheagesof14and18,teenagersvarygreatlyintheirabilities.Theamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelated,responsibleadults.Someteensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcanmakechildishmistakes,buttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhard-headedandwell-qualifiedadultsupporters.Butit’salsowrongtothinkthatany16-year-oldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatson’s.Watsoncallsherself“anordinarygirlwhohasadream”.Herintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthem.Shouldallteenshavesuchdreams?Actually,individualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreams.Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldaloneshouldnotbejudgedbypreconceived(事先形成的)viewsaboutyoungpeople.Norshould“ordinary”teenagersfeelstressedtolongforextraordinarypersonalgoals.Infact,Ibelievetheexampleofsolosailingoverstressesindividualism.Theteenageyearsarewhenmostofus“ordinary”peoplelearnthatwecanachievegreatthingsincooperationwithothers.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutJessicaWatson?A.Shewascriticizedbythegovernment.B.Sheeventuallycanceledhervoyage.C.ShehastraveledaroundAustralia.D.Shemadeasuccessfulvoyage.6.Whatcanbeinferredaboutteenagersfromthetext?A.Theyhavesimilarabilities.B.Theymakedecisionsontheirown.C.Theyalwaysmakewrongjudgments.D.Theyneedsupportofresponsibleadults.7.Whodoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?A.Parents.B.Teenagers.C.Psychologists.D.Adults.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DividedOpinionsonYoungAdventurersB.ProblemsFacedbyAdventurousTeens学科网(北京)股份有限公司 C.VariousWaystoBecomeIndependentD.PressuretoAchievePersonalGoals【答案】5.D6.D7.B8.A【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻,一位名叫JessicaWatson的青少年成了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄,对此各方有着不同的看法。【详解】5.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Forexample,JessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyage,yetthePrimeMinistercalledher‘aheroforyoungAustralians’whenshereturned.(例如,政府要求JessicaWatson取消航行,但在她返回时总理称她为“澳大利亚年轻人的英雄”。)”可知,JessicaWatson进行了一次成功的航行。故选D。6.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Theamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelated,responsibleadults.Someteensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcanmakechildishmistakes,buttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhard-headedandwell-qualifiedadultsupporters.(每个人的独立程度不应简单地由他们的年龄决定,而应与相关的、负责任的成年人讨论决定。有些青少年当然缺乏经验,可能会犯幼稚的错误,但那些尝试危险旅行的人通常是通过赢得头脑冷静、资质良好的成人支持者的信任来做到这一点的。)”可知,青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持。故选D。7.词句猜测题。根据第三段画线词所在句子“Herintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthem.(她的意图是鼓励青少年,但这个想法可能会产生相反的效果,让他们觉得自己不够好,因为伟大的成就超出了他们的能力范围。)”以及上文“Butit’salsowrongtothinkthatany16-year-oldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatson’s.Watsoncallsherself“anordinarygirlwhohasadream”.(但是,如果认为任何一个16岁的孩子都渴望获得像杰西卡·沃森那样不同寻常的成就,那也是错误的。沃森称自己是“一个有梦想的普通女孩”。)”可知,认为任何16岁的青少年都渴望获得和JessicaWatson一样不寻常的成就也是错误的。Watson称自己为“一个有梦想的普通女孩”。她这样做的目的是鼓励青少年,但是这个想法可能产生相反的效果,使他们感到自己不够好,因为(在他们看来)伟大的成就是他们不可触及的。所以,画线词them指代的是前文提到的青少年。故选B。8.主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Thepopularpsychologiststellusthatteenagebrainsarelikelytomakewrongjudgments.Butsuchideasoftendonotapplytospecificindividuals.(受欢迎的心理学家告诉我们,青少年的大脑很可能做出错误的判断。但这些想法往往不适用于具体的个人。)”,第三段的“Butit’salsowrongtothinkthatany16-year-oldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatson’s.学科网(北京)股份有限公司 (但是,如果认为任何一个16岁的孩子都渴望获得像杰西卡·沃森那样不同寻常的成就,那也是错误的。)”以及第四段的“Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldaloneshouldnotbejudgedbypreconceived(事先形成的)viewsaboutyoungpeople.(不应该用对年轻人先入为主的看法来评判独自环游世界的青少年。)”可知,本文讲述一位名叫JessicaWatson的青少年成了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄,对此人们有着不同的看法。故A项“对年轻冒险者的不同看法”概括了本文内容。故选A。【高考真题变式题2】Somepeoplesaythattheplanetisgettingsmaller,thattherearefewplaceslefttoexplore,andthattheageofexplorationwillbeoversoon.Iwouldargueinsteadthattherehasneverbeenagreaterneedtoexplore.That’sbecausethestageforallexplorationisthenaturalworld,andnatureisexperiencingarapiddecline.Itisbyexploringthatweunderstandandwhenweunderstandwedevelopanappreciationforwhatisfound.Ultimately,onlythethingsweappreciateareworthprotecting.Asthegoldenageofexplorationweakens,sodoestherichnessoflifeonEarth.Itisn’tjustthattherearefewerblankareasonthemap;itisthatwildplacesandspaceshavebeenprogressivelycarvedup(瓜分).VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaself-supportedexpedition.Fieldstationspopupinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebecomescommonplace.Inthenextcentury,Ibelievewewillneedlargerandwilderareas.Wewillneedthewilderness,notjustfortheprotectionofit,butbecauseitisanimportantpartoftheecosystemsfromwhichwegainournecessitieslikecleanwater,foodandmaterials.Ifwesucceed,thenexpeditions—brieftravelsintothewildthatseektoanswerquestions,monitorpopulations,andinspireaction—willhavearenewedsenseofpurpose.Moreimportantly,theygreatlyhelpthepublicexperience,understandandappreciatenature.Basedonmyownresearchexpeditionwhichaimstounderstand“edgeeffects”—howthechangesintemperatureatforestedgesimpactanimals,Ifinditimportantthattoday’sscientistscontinuetospendtimeinthefield.Itisherethattheybegintounderstandhowseeminglyunrelatedenvironmentalinteractionsinfluencetheirstudysystem.Sometimes,it’sdifficulttoknowwhichisimportanttomeasureuntilyoustandoutthereontheforestedge.Itistheyounggenerationthatisthemainforcetoleadthenextwaveofexpeditions.Themeasureoftheirsuccesswillbewhethertherearestillwell-preservedwildplacesforexpeditionsinthefuture.Theirleadershipisneedednow,morethanever.学科网(北京)股份有限公司 9.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Tosuggestunderstandingnaturebykeepingexploring.B.Toadvisepeoplenottotraveltounknownplaces.C.Toinformusaboutthereducedbiodiversity.D.Tocallonthepublictosupportthestudy.10.WhatcanweknowabouttheexpeditioninwildspacesfromParagraph3?A.Itisdifficultforexplorerstomakeprogress.B.Itismoreaccessiblewiththehelpoftechnology.C.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofsatellitetechnology.D.Itrequiresexplorerstotakesufficientheavyequipment.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“popup”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Appearunexpectedly.B.Closetemporarily.C.Developquickly.D.Differgreatly.12.Whatdoestheauthorrealizeafterhisresearchexpedition?A.Thesignificanceofscientists’fieldtrip.B.Thedifficultyofcarryingoutfieldwork.C.Theneedtoexpandtheedgesofforests.D.Theinfluenceofhisstudyontheenvironment.【答案】9.A10.B11.A12.A【导语】本文是说明文,文章主要介绍了科学家实地探索来了解自然的重要性。通过探索,人们才能理解并欣赏值得保护的东西。9.推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第二段“Iwouldargueinsteadthattherehasneverbeenagreaterneedtoexplore.That’sbecausethestageforallexplorationisthenaturalworld,andnatureisexperiencingarapiddecline.Itisbyexploringthatweunderstandandwhenweunderstandwedevelopanappreciationforwhatisfound.Ultimately,onlythethingsweappreciateareworthprotecting.(相反,我想说的是,从未有过更大的探索需求。这是因为所有探索的舞台都是自然界,而自然界正在经历迅速的衰退。正是通过探索,我们理解了,当我们理解了,我们就会对所发现的东西产生欣赏。最终,只有我们欣赏的东西才值得保护。)”和第四段“Ifwesucceed,thenexpeditions—brieftravelsintothewildthatseektoanswerquestions,monitorpopulations,andinspireaction—willhavearenewedsenseofpurpose.Moreimportantly,theygreatlyhelpthepublicexperience,understandandappreciate学科网(北京)股份有限公司 nature.(如果我们成功了,那么探险队——短暂的野外旅行,寻求回答问题、监测种群并激励行动——将有新的目标感。更重要的是,它们极大地帮助公众体验、理解和欣赏自然。)”可推知,文章的写作目的是建议通过不断探索来了解自然。故选A。10.推理判断题。根据第三段中“VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaself-supportedexpedition.Fieldstationspopupinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebecomescommonplace.(例如,访问奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠,就不再意味着自力更生的探险。在重要的国家公园里都会出现野外观测站,利用卫星进行遥感也会变得很普遍。)”可推知,在技术的帮助下,野外探险更加容易到达,故选B。11.词句猜测题。划线词组上文讲到“VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaself-supportedexpedition.(例如,参观奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠,不再意味着自力更生的探险。)”可知,野外探险不再是自力更生的探险,因此推断划线词组所在句子“Fieldstationspopupinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebecomescommonplace.”的意思是:在重要的国家公园里出现了野外观测站,卫星遥感变得司空见惯。说明在在技术的帮助下,野外探险容易了,可知第三段中带下划线的部分的意思是“突然出现”,故选A。12.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Basedonmyownresearchexpeditionwhichaimstounderstand“edgeeffects”—howthechangesintemperatureatforestedgesimpactanimals,Ifinditimportantthattoday’sscientistscontinuetospendtimeinthefield.Itisherethattheybegintounderstandhowseeminglyunrelatedenvironmentalinteractionsinfluencetheirstudysystem.Sometimes,it’sdifficulttoknowwhichisimportanttomeasureuntilyoustandouttherecmtheforestedge.(根据我自己的研究考察,目的是了解“边缘效应”——森林边缘温度的变化如何影响动物,我发现今天的科学家继续花时间在这个领域是很重要的。正是在这里,他们开始理解看似无关的环境相互作用如何影响他们的学习系统。有时候,在你站在森林边缘之前,很难知道哪个是重要的测量值。)”可推知,作者在研究探险之后意识到了科学家实地考察的意义。故选A。【高考真题变式题3】Hundredsoffeetbelowtheocean’ssurface,somewherebetweenthedarkoceanfloorandthebrightblueshallows,liesthetwilightzone.It’saworldoftheunknown,andmanyassumedthatthelackoflightandcoldtemperaturesmeantfewspeciescouldexistthere.Butonescientisthasbeendivingintotheinkydepthstoshowthere’smuchmoretolifetherethanwasfirstthought.Rocha,aresearcherfromtheCaliforniaAcademyofSciences,wasattractedtotwilightzonereefsbecauseoftheirmystery(神秘).“Everydivewedotothosedepthsleadstoanewdiscovery,”hesays.Todate,hehasidentifiedover300newspecies.学科网(北京)股份有限公司 Enteringthetwilightzoneisnoeasyfeat.Recreationaldivingiscappedat130feetforsafetyreasons,butRochadivesasfaras500feet.Todothisrequiresdeepconcentration,intensetechnicaltrainingandastrongdoseofbravery.Rochausuallydivesinagroupwithtwoscientistsandonesafetyofficer.Theyspendhourspreparingthekit,ensuringeverypieceofequipmentisfunctioningwellandthattheyareequippedtodealwithunderwateremergencies.Whilethetwilightzonehasbeenexploredbyveryfewpeople,theeffectsofhumanactivityarestillapparent.Oneoftheirfirstdiscoveriesisthatthosedeeperreefsarereallynotashelterforshallowreeforganisms.Theyarealmostasimpactedastheshallowreefsare.Theyfindplasticwasteandfishinggearinsomeofthedeepestreefsandhasobservedtheimpactofoverfishingandclimatechange.Rochahopesthathisresearchcanhelptoeducatepeopleaboutthetwilightzoneandinspireactiontoprotectit.“Idon’tthinkit’senoughjusttodothescience.Wetakemany,manyphotographs…andwebringthosestoriesbackuptothesurfaceandweshareitwithasmanypeopleaspossible.Forthemostpart,I’dliketoletpeoplerealizethatthosecreaturesareunderthreat,”hesays.13.Whydomanypeoplethinkthereisfewspeciesatthetwilightzone?A.Itisn’tfarfromtheocean’ssurface.B.Itiscoldandlackslight.C.Itiscompletelydarkallday.D.Itisaworldthatpeoplecannotgetto.14.Whatcanweknowaboutthetwilightzone?A.Thereareonlyalotofreefsthere.B.Peoplehavemuchknowledgeaboutit.C.Therearealargenumberofvariouslivingthings.D.Therearen’tasmanyspeciesaspeoplethinkbefore.15.HowisRocha’sjourneytothetwilightzone?A.Itisrisky.B.Itiseasy.C.Itiscomfortable.D.Itislonely.16.WhatcanbeinferredfromRocha’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Hisscientificresearchishardlyinspirational.B.Takingpicturesunderwaterisenjoyable.C.Humansareresponsibleforprotectingthetwilightzone.D.Theresearchatthetwilightzoneisnowunderthreat.学科网(北京)股份有限公司 【答案】13.B14.C15.A16.C【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了研究人员Rocha和其团队对海洋弱光区的探索。13.细节理解题。根据第一段“It’saworldoftheunknown,andmanyassumedthatthelackoflightandcoldtemperaturesmeantfewspeciescouldexistthere.(这是一个未知的世界,许多人认为缺乏光线和寒冷的温度意味着很少有物种能在那里生存)”可知,很多人认为在边缘地带几乎没有物种是因为天气寒冷,光线不足。故选B。14.细节理解题。根据第二段“Butonescientisthasbeendivingintotheinkydepthstoshowthere’smuchmoretolifetherethanwasfirstthought.(但一位科学家一直在潜入漆黑的深处,以证明那里的生命比最初想象的要多得多)”以及““Everydivewedotothosedepthsleadstoanewdiscovery,”hesays.Todate,hehasidentifiedover300newspecies.(他说:“我们在这些深度进行的每一次潜水都会带来新的发现。”到目前为止,他已经发现了300多个新物种)”可知,弱光区有多种多样的生物。故选C。15.推理判断题。根据第三段“Enteringthetwilightzoneisnoeasyfeat.Recreationaldivingiscappedat130feetforsafetyreasons,butRochadivesasfaras500feet.Todothisrequiresdeepconcentration,intensetechnicaltrainingandastrongdoseofbravery.(进入“模糊地带”绝非易事。出于安全考虑,休闲潜水的上限为130英尺,但罗查的潜水深度可达500英尺。要做到这一点,需要高度专注、高强度的技术训练和极大的勇气)”可推知,Rocha的弱光区之旅大有风险。故选A。16.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rochahopesthathisresearchcanhelptoeducatepeopleaboutthetwilightzoneandinspireactiontoprotectit.(Rocha希望他的研究可以帮助人们了解“阴阳界线”,并激励人们采取行动保护它)”以及“Forthemostpart,I’dliketoletpeoplerealizethatthosecreaturesareunderthreat(在很大程度上,我想让人们意识到这些生物正受到威胁)”可推知,人类有责任保护模糊地带。故选C。【高考真题变式题4】Climberstargetingpeaksabove5,000metersintheTibetautonomousregion,includingthenorthsideofQomolangma,nowhavetoapplyforapermit,accordingtoaruleissuedbyChinesesportsauthorities.Tomakeclimbingsafer,oratleastlessdeadly,theGeneralAdministrationofSportandthesportsbureauofTibetreleasedanotification(通知)requiringclimberstosendanapplicationtothebureauatleastamonthinadvanceoftheirplannedclimb.Itsaidclimbingwithoutpermitswillbestrictlyforbidden.“Inrecentyears,casesofinjuries,missingpeopleanddeathshavebeenwitnessedasaresultofillegalclimbing,”thenotificationsaid.“Climbingisahighlyprofessionalsportwithhighrisk.Mostillegalclimberslackprofessionalskills,facilitiesandtourguides.Suchactivitieswillinterferewithorderlyclimbingandbringrisks,学科网(北京)股份有限公司 notonlytotheclimbersthemselvesbutalsorescuers.Theywillalsoleadtoalossofpersonalornationalproperty.”Applicationswillneedtodetaileachindividualclimber’spersonalinformation,proposedclimbingroutesandrelatedplans.Climbersarealsobeingaskedtoobeyrelatedrulestoprotectmountainenvironments.Thenotificationalsourgedregionalgovernmentdepartmentstostrengthensafetychecksandtheprohibitionofillegalclimbing,encourageresidentstojoinregularpatrolsnearmajorclimbingroutesandpromotepubliceducationonclimbingsafety.InapreviousinterviewwithChinaDaily,KulBahadurGurung,generalsecretaryoftheNepalMountaineeringAssociation,saiddifficultweatherconditions,lackofexperienceandsupportpersonnel,andthecommercialization(商业化)ofexpeditionswerethemainreasonsforthehighdeathtollontheworld’shighestpeak.“SincethenumberofpeoplereachingthesummitofEverestisincreasing,everyonethinksitiseasiertoclimbandeveryonecanclimb,whichisatotallyfalseidea,”hesaid.17.WhyisapermitneededforQomolangmaclimbers?A.Tostopillegalclimbing.B.Toprovidetrainingahead.C.Tolimitthenumberofclimbers.D.Tocollectclimbers’information.18.Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlined“interferewith”inParagraph3?A.Test.B.Change.C.Replace.D.Disturb.19.WhatdoesParagraph4focusonaboutthenotification?A.Itscontent.B.Itspurpose.C.Itsbackground.D.Itsimpact.20.WhatdoesKulBahadurGurungthinkoftheEverestclimbing?A.It’satotallyfalseidea.B.Itshouldbeeco-friendly.C.It’shighlyprofessional.D.Itshouldbenon-profitable.【答案】17.A18.D19.A20.C【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了为阻止非法攀登,中国体育部门要求攀登西藏自治区5000米以上山峰的登山者必须申请许可证。17.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tomakeclimbingsafer,oratleastlessdeadly(让攀登更安全,或者至少不那么致命)”和第三段中“Inrecentyears,casesofinjuries,missingpeopleanddeathshavebeenwitnessedasaresultofillegalclimbing学科网(北京)股份有限公司 (近年来,非法攀登造成了受伤、失踪和死亡的案件)”可知,非法攀登造成很多安全问题,珠穆朗玛峰登山者需要许可证是为了禁止非法攀登,确保安全。故选A项。18.词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句前一句“Mostillegalclimberslackprofessionalskills,facilitiesandtourguides.(大多数非法登山者缺乏专业技能、设备和导游。)”和后一句“Theywillalsoleadtoalossofpersonalornationalproperty.(它们还会导致个人或国家财产的损失。)”可知,非法登山者缺乏登山必备的条件,会造成很多损失。由此推知,非法登山的活动干扰正常有序的登山,带来很多风险,interferewith意为“干扰”,与disturb意思一致。故选D项。19.主旨大意题。根据第四段“Applicationswillneedtodetaileachindividualclimber’spersonalinformation,proposedclimbingroutesandrelatedplans.Climbersarealsobeingaskedtoobeyrelatedrulestoprotectmountainenvironments.Thenotificationalsourgedregionalgovernmentdepartmentstostrengthensafetychecksandtheprohibitionofillegalclimbing,encourageresidentstojoinregularpatrolsnearmajorclimbingroutesandpromotepubliceducationonclimbingsafety.(申请表需要详细说明每位登山者的个人信息、提出的登山路线和相关计划。登山者也被要求遵守相关规定,以保护山区环境。该通知还敦促地方政府部门加强安全检查和禁止非法攀登,鼓励居民在主要攀登路线附近定期巡逻,并促进攀登安全的公众教育。)”可知,本段介绍了该通知的具体内容,包括申请表填写的要求、对登山者的要求、对地方政府部门的要求等。故选A项。20.推理判断题。根据最后一段中KulBahadurGurung所说的话“SincethenumberofpeoplereachingthesummitofEverestisincreasing,everyonethinksitiseasiertoclimbandeveryonecanclimb,whichisatotallyfalseidea(由于登上珠峰顶峰的人越来越多,大家都认为爬起来更容易,大家都能爬,这是一个完全错误的想法)”可知,他认为攀登珠峰顶峰很容易的想法是错误的。由此推知,他觉得珠峰攀登是一项极其专业的活动。故选C项。学科网(北京)股份有限公司

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