2023年高考英语压轴题专项训练（全国卷专用）4 阅读理解之议论文（解析版）

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压轴题04阅读理解之议论文议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，偶尔考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感态度。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。【考情分析】议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。一、文体特点与阅读策略1.语言与结构特点议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。2.答题误区议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。1.主旨大意型干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。正确答案根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有：

11.Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext?2.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?4.Thistextmainlytellsus_________.标题选择题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe__________.2.事实细节型(1)解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节的问题常有以下几种命题方式：①Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?②Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?③Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat__________.④Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)__________?(2)干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的。阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：①包含项原则在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。②正反项原则所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。③委婉项原则所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably,possibly, may,usually,might,mostof,

2moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。④同形项原则命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。⑤常识项原则议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。解题方法：原文定位法。查读法：(1)带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与who,what,when,where问题有关的细节上。(2)细心!3.词义猜测型(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。(2)根据文中的定义、事例、解释猜生词。用事例或解释猜生词；用重复解释的信息猜生词。(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断。根据上下句的连接词如but，however，otherwise等可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。(5)根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。(6)根据同位关系进行判断。阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释。(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。分号还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；破折号表示解释说明。常见的问题形式有：(1)The word ＂…＂ in Line … means/can be best replaced by …(2)As used in the passage, the phrase ＂…＂ suggests…(3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence ＂…＂ is/refers to /means…常用应对方法：同义法：常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测词义。反义法：如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，互为反义的词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。

3释义法：对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语，甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。此外，还有情景推断法、代词替代法等。做题要领(1)从文中找线索或信息词；(2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新词的意思；(3)根据上下文判断新词在特定句中的确切意思。(4)要特别注意熟词新意！4.推理判断型做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。常见的命题方式有：(1)Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_________.(2)Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_________.(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?(4)Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?(5)Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?(6)Thepassageisintendedto_________.（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考模拟预测）Teenagersarethemostdangerousdriversontheroad,andcarcrashesaretheleadingcauseofdeathamongteens.Butthere’sonesimplewaytokeepkidssafe:Don’tgiveteensacartheyconsidertheirown.Teenagerswhoreportedthattheywerethemainpersondrivingavehicle,ratherthansharingitwithotherfamilymembers,weremorethantwiceaslikelytobeinvolvedinacrash.Oneinfourdriverswithprimaryaccesstoacarhadhadanaccidentwhiledrivinginthepastyear,comparedwith1in10forsharedaccess.Thatmeans25percentofthekidsdrivingtheir“own”carshadatleastoneaccidentlastyear!Theteenswiththeirowncaralsoweremorelikelytouseacellphonewhiledriving(78percent,comparedwith55percent)andtospeed(70percentvs54percent).Thesefigurescomefromasurveyof2167teenagersbyresearchersatChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia.Itissaidtobethefirsttolookatwhetherhavingprimaryaccesstoacaraffectssafetyforteenagedrivers.Whatmakesdrivingafamilycarsafer?Maybeit’sassimpleasknowingthatit’sthefamily’scar.I’msure

4therealizationthatitwasn’t“my”carmadememoresorry-andmorecareful.Manyparentsareexcitedwhentheirteenagerisfinallydriving,andmanyteensneedtodrivethemselvestoschoolorwork.Asaresult,it’seasyforparentstothinkthatanewdriverneedsacar.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthat70percentoftheteenagerssaidthattheyhadtheir“own”car.Thisisdangerous,andparentsshouldconsiderdelayinggivingachildacaratleastuntiltheteenagerhasbeendrivingforayear.Childrenwhohavestrictparentswere50percentlesslikelytohavehadacrashinthepastyear,comparedwithparentswhosestyleispermissive.Theadvice:Don’tbeafraidtosetrulesforsafedrivingbehavior,andtakethekeysifthoserulesaren’tfollowed.Infact,makingyourteenagersay,“Mom,canIhavethecarkeys?”maybeoneofthesimplestandbestwaystokeepyourchildsafe.1．Thepercentageofteenagerswhospeedwhiledrivingafamilycaris_________.A．54%B．70%C．55%D．78%2．Whataremanyparentsexcitedat?A．Theirteenagerfindingajob.B．Theirteenagermakingfriends.C．Theirteenagergettingadrivinglicense.D．Theirteenagerbuyingtheirowncar.3．Howdoestheauthormakehispointtrustworthyinthetext?A．Byusingsomeexamples.B．Byofferingsomefigures.C．Byreasoningandconcluding.D．Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Teenagers:themostdangerousdriversB．Keepteenssafe-notgivingthemacarC．TeensdrivingaloneworryparentsD．Familysharedcarscanavoidcarcrashes【答案】1．A    2．C    3．B    4．B【导语】本文为议论文，讲述了青少年驾车的危害，特别是拥有属于自己的车的青少年发生交通事故的比例更高。作者认为保障青少年安全的最简单和最有效的方法之一就是不让他们拥有属于自己的车。1．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Theteenswiththeirowncaralsoweremorelikelytouseacellphonewhiledriving(78percent,comparedwith55percent)andtospeed(70percentvs54percent).(有自己汽车的青少年在开车时使用手机的可能性更大（78%比55%），超速行驶的可能性更高（70%比54%）。)”可知，青少年驾驶自己的汽车时打电话的比例是78％、超速的比例是70％，而驾驶家用车辆时，两项的比例分别是55％和54％。青少年在驾驶家用汽车时超速行驶的比例为54%，故选A。2．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“Manyparentsareexcitedwhentheirteenagerisfinallydriving,andmanyteensneedtodrivethemselvestoschoolorwork.(当他们的青少年终于开车时，许多父母都很兴奋，许多青少年需要自己开车去上学或上班。)”可知很多家长得知自己的孩子能开车，即获得驾照时非常激动。故选C。

53．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Theteenswiththeirowncaralsoweremorelikelytouseacellphonewhiledriving(78percent,comparedwith55percent)andtospeed(70percentvs54percent).(有自己汽车的青少年在开车时使用手机的可能性更大（78%比55%），超速行驶的可能性更高（70%比54%）。)”可知，作者提供数字来证明自己的观点是可信的。故选B。4．主旨大意题。文章讲述了青少年驾车的危害，特别是拥有属于自己的车的青少年发生交通事故的比例更高。作者认为保障青少年安全的最简单和最有效的方法之一就是不让他们拥有属于自己的车。第一段“Butthere’sonesimplewaytokeepkidssafe:Don’tgiveteensacartheyconsidertheirown.(但有一个简单的方法可以保证孩子的安全：不要给青少年一辆他们认为自己的车。)”作者表明了自己的观点：不要让孩子拥有自己的汽车。这样才是保证孩子安全最简单也是最有效的方法。可知这篇文章最好的标题是：保护青少年安全不要给他们车。故选B。（2022·贵州遵义·统考三模）Fewpeopleknewaboutonlinefooddeliveryappstenyearsago,buttoday,manywouldfindithardtolivewithoutthem.InChinaalone,over400millionpeopleusesuchapps.Forbetterorforworse,onlinefooddeliveryserviceshavechangedthewayweeat,andtheyarealsohavingahugeimpactonoursociety.Theseserviceshavenodoubtbroughtusmanybenefits.Theyprovidejobsformillionsofpeopleandhelprestaurantsfindmorecustomers.Sincetheappsareveryconvenient,theyalsobenefitconsumers:wecannowhavemealsdeliveredatanytimeofday,despitebadweatherorbusyschedules.Thisisespeciallyimportantforpeoplewhoworklonghours,sincetheymightnothavetimetocook.Notonlydotheseappssavetime,theyalsoprovideuswithawidevarietyofrestaurantstochoosefrom.Theyhaveprovedtobeusefulforretiredpeopleaswell:seniorswholivefarawayfromrestaurantsandsupermarketscannowgetholdofmealsandgroceriesmoreeasily.However,wemustnotforgetthedrawbacksofonlinefooddeliveryservices.Foronething,theymakeiteveneasiertoorderunhealthyfood,highinsugar,fatandsalt.Foodsafetyisanotherproblem:itcanbehardtoestablishwherethefoodactuallycomesfrom,andwhethertheownerislegallypermittedtorunarestaurant.Ascouriersneedtodelivertheordersasquicklyaspossible,somepaylittleregardtotrafficrules.Inrecentyears,therehavebeenanumberofterribletrafficaccidentsbecauseofthis.Moreover,theindustryiscreatingunbelievableamountsofpackagingwaste:overamilliontonsofonlinefooddeliveryboxesarethrownawayeveryyear.Expertsassumethatthisnumberwillcontinuetogrowinthefuture,andthiswillhaveanegativeimpactontheenvironment.5．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A．Manypeopleknewaboutonlinefooddeliveryappstenyearsago.

6B．Theonlinefooddeliveryappsarewildlywelcomednow.C．Chinesepeopledon'tspeakhighlyoftheonlinefooddeliveryapps.D．Theonlinefooddeliveryappsarehavingapositiveimpactonus.6．Howmanydisadvantagesofonlinefooddeliveryservicesarementionedinthepassage?A．Three.B．Four.C．Five.D．Six.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph3probablymean?A．Bosses.B．Consumers.C．Policemen.D．Deliverymen.8．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheapps?A．Objective.B．Opposed.C．Supportive.D．Indifferent.【答案】5．B    6．B    7．D    8．A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在线食品配送应用的优势以及其缺点。5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Fewpeopleknewaboutonlinefooddeliveryappstenyearsago,buttoday,manywouldfindithardtolivewithoutthem.InChinaalone,over400millionpeopleusesuchapps.(十年前，很少有人知道在线送餐应用，但今天，许多人会发现没有它们很难生活。)”可知，网上送餐应用现在很受欢迎。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Foronething,theymakeiteveneasiertoorderunhealthyfood,highinsugar,fatandsalt.Foodsafetyisanotherproblem:itcanbehardtoestablishwherethefoodactuallycomesfrom,andwhethertheownerislegallypermittedtorunarestaurant.Ascouriersneedtodelivertheordersasquicklyaspossible,somepaylittleregardtotrafficrules.Inrecentyears,therehavebeenanumberofterribletrafficaccidentsbecauseofthis.Moreover,theindustryiscreatingunbelievableamountsofpackagingwaste:overamilliontonsofonlinefooddeliveryboxesarethrownawayeveryyear.(首先，它们让人们更容易点不健康的食物，这些食物高糖、高脂和高盐。食品安全是另一个问题：很难确定食品的实际来源，以及餐馆老板是否被法律允许经营餐馆。由于快递员需要尽快递送订单，一些人很少考虑交通规则。近年来，由于这个原因，发生了许多可怕的交通事故。此外，该行业还造成了难以置信的包装浪费：每年有超过100万吨的网上外卖盒被扔掉。)”可知，文章提到了在线食品配送服务的四个缺点，分别是：不健康的食物；食品安全；交通方面；环境污染四个方面。故选B。7．词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“somepaylittleregardtotrafficrules.Inrecentyears,therehavebeenanumberofterribletrafficaccidentsbecauseofthis.(一些人很少考虑交通规则。近年来，由于这个原因，发生了许多可怕的交通事故。)”可知，快递员因为尽快递送订单而不顾交通规则，造成交通事故。所以couriers为“快递员”之意。故选D。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Fewpeopleknewaboutonlinefooddeliveryappstenyearsago,buttoday,many

7wouldfindithardtolivewithoutthem.InChinaalone,over400millionpeopleusesuchapps.(十年前，很少有人知道在线送餐应用，但今天，许多人会发现没有它们很难生活。)”和最后一段“However,wemustnotforgetthedrawbacksofonlinefooddeliveryservices.(然而，我们不能忘记在线送餐服务的缺点。)”可知，本文作者讲述了在线食品配送应用现在广受欢迎，又介绍了其缺点，所以是客观的态度。故选A。（2023·内蒙古赤峰·校联考三模）AccordingtoastudydonebyUniversityofMichigan,shoppingtoreducestresswas40timesmoreeffectiveatgivingpeopleasenseofcontrolandshopperswerethreetimeslesssadthanthoseonlylookingatitems.Morethanhalfofthe1,000consumerssurveyedbyCreditKarma,headresearcherofthestudy,saidtheyhaveshoppedtodealwithfeelingsofstressordepression.About48percentofmenand31percentofwomenwhohavestressshoppingsaidtheyhadpurchasedalcoholwhenstressed.About82percentofwomenspendonclothingcomparedto52percentofmen.Womenalsoleadshoppingforjewellery,42percent,comparedto22percentformen.Insomesense,stressshoppingcanactuallyhelpyouliveahealthierlifebymakingsurethatyourbloodpressureislowered.Thesurveyfound82percenthadonlypositivefeelingsabouttheirpurchasesandthatthepositivemoodwaslong-lasting.However,stressshopping,formany,couldgrowintoadrivethatusesupmoney,causesconflict,andthereforeaddsgreatstresstolife.Despitethein-timejoyfrompurchases,stressshoppingneverprovesalong-lastingcuretostressordepression.Actuallyitneedstobeavoidedanyhow.Whetheryou’repurchasingChristmaspresentsorbuyinggroceries,havingtheitemsyouneedwrittendownwillprovideyouwithbrightnesswhileshopping.Rewardyourselfforstickingtoyourlistandyou’llbemorelikelytocommittoit.Inaddition,alwaysthinkaboutwhatyoustrugglewithmostfinancially.Doyouspendtoomuchmoneyatthemall?Eatingout?Vacations?Makealistofwhereyourmoneyisgoingandtakenecessarystepstoresistyourdesire.Forexample,ifyouspendtoomuchmoneyondiningoutonweekends,stuffyourcupboardwithfoodonFriday.Soyou’llbemorelikelytostayinandcook.Andyouneedtogiveuptheneedtokeepupwithothers.Everyone’sfinancialsituationisdifferentandcomparisonmayleadtodebtanddissatisfactionwithwhatyoualreadyhave.9．Whydoestheauthormentionthosenumbersinparagraph2?A．Toexplainthetext.B．Toattractreaders.C．Tosupportanidea.D．Tointroduceatopic.10．Whichofthefollowingmayhelpdealwithstressshopping?A．Adjustingmood.B．Recordingexpenses.

8C．Turningtomedicines.D．Comparingwithothers.11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetostressshopping?A．Positive.B．Doubtful.C．Negative.D．Indifferent.12．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Doesshoppingbenefitus?B．Morestressed,womenormen?C．Shouldwecomparewithothers?D．Canstressshoppingreducestress?【答案】9．C    10．B    11．C    12．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论压力购物是否能真的减轻压力。9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Morethanhalfofthe1,000consumerssurveyedbyCreditKarma,headresearcherofthestudy,saidtheyhaveshoppedtodealwithfeelingsofstressordepression.About48percentofmenand31percentofwomenwhohavestressshoppingsaidtheyhadpurchasedalcoholwhenstressed.About82percentofwomenspendonclothingcomparedto52percentofmen.Womenalsoleadshoppingforjewellery,42percent,comparedto22percentformen.(该研究的首席研究员CreditKarma调查了1000名消费者，其中超过一半的人表示，他们购物是为了应对压力或抑郁。在有压力购物的男性和女性中，约有48%和31%的人表示，他们在有压力时购买过酒精。大约82%的女性在服装上花钱，而男性的这一比例为52%。女性购买珠宝的比例也最高为42%，而男性为22%)”可推知，这些数字是为了说明很多人通过购物来缓解压力，即为了支持第一段的观点——为减轻压力而购物在给人控制感方面的有效性是那些只看商品的人的40倍，购物者的悲伤程度是那些只盯着商品看的人的三倍。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Whetheryou’repurchasingChristmaspresentsorbuyinggroceries,havingtheitemsyouneedwrittendownwillprovideyouwithbrightnesswhileshopping.(无论你是在买圣诞礼物还是在买杂货，把你需要的东西写下来都会让你在购物时头脑清醒)”可知，可以记录支出帮助你应对压力购物。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据第三段“However,stressshopping,formany,couldgrowintoadrivethatusesupmoney,causesconflict,andthereforeaddsgreatstresstolife.(然而，对许多人来说，压力购物可能会发展成一种消耗金钱、引发冲突的冲动，从而给生活增加巨大压力)”和第四段“Despitethein-timejoyfrompurchases,stressshoppingneverprovesalong-lastingcuretostressordepression.(尽管购物带来了及时的快乐，但压力购物从未被证明是治疗压力或抑郁的持久方法)”可知，作者对于压力购物是持否定态度的。故选C。12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“AccordingtoastudydonebyUniversityofMichigan,shoppingtoreducestresswas40timesmoreeffectiveatgivingpeopleasenseofcontrolandshopperswerethreetimeslesssadthanthoseonlylookingatitems.(根据密歇根大学的一项研究，为减轻压力而购物在给人控制感方面的有效性是那些只看商品的人的40倍，购物者的悲伤程度是那些只盯着商品看的人的三倍)”和第四段“Despitethein-timejoyfrompurchases,stressshoppingneverprovesalong-lastingcuretostressordepression.

9(尽管购物带来了及时的快乐，但压力购物从未被证明是治疗压力或抑郁的持久方法。)”可知，本文主要讨论了压力购物是否能减轻压力。故选D。（2022·宁夏银川·银川一中校考一模）IhavefrequentlytaughtResearchMethodsandDesigntocollegestudentsatseveralinstitutions.Iloveteachingthiscourse.Onereason,ofcourse,isthatIenjoythinkingaboutresearchmethodology(方法学)andsharingitwithothers.Theotherreason,however,istheobviousimpactthatithasonstudents.Everyterm,one(ifnotmore)studenttellsmehowtakingthiscoursehasaffectedhim/her:“Iusedtojustreadarticlesandbelievewhattheysaid,butnowIfindmyselfasking‘Isthistrue?Howdotheyknow?Isthisawelldesignedstudy?”ThatiswhatIwantthestudentstoachieveinthiscourse.ThisbringstomindsomethingwrittenbyDorothyL.Sayersin1948.Oneofherbooks,TheLostToolsofLearningspeakstoSayers’thoughtsoneducation.“Byteachingouryoungmenandwomentoread,wehaveleftthematthemercyoftheprintedwords.Bytheinventionofthefilmandtheradio,wehavemadecertainthatnodislikeforreadingshallprotectthemfromtheconstantbatteryofwords,words,words.Theydonotknowwhatthewordsmean:theyarevictimstowordsintheiremotionsinsteadofbeingthemastersofthemintheirintelligence.”Wearewellpastthe1940s,butherobservationisstillrelevant.Sayers’pointiswelltaken.Intheworldof24-hournewsandsocialmediathatoftenresembles(类似)theWildWest,theabilitytocarryoutevaluationshasneverbeenmoreimportant.Inordertoresistthedistortionswithwhichweareconstantlybombedinthemedia,aswellasbeabletopresentapersuasiveargument,wemustbeabletoreasonwell,andthinkandgiveajudgementcarefully.WhenmystudentsbegintheResearchMethodsandDesigncourse,theyaregenerallynotcontenttoreadallthoseresearcharticleIgive.However,bytheendofthecourse,theyareexcitedabouttheirnewlyobtainedabilities.13．Whatistheauthor’scoursegoalforherstudents?A．Thinkingcritically.B．Readingdeeply.C．Designingstudieswell.D．Questioningthemselves.14．WhatdidSayersimplyabouteducation?A．Itwasboring.B．Itwasworrying.C．Itwasconventional.D．Itwasuseless.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distortions”inparagraph3referto?A．Popularnews.B．Variousevaluations.C．Persuasivearguments.D．Misleadinginformation.

1016．Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A．Toreviewabook.B．Tointroduceawriter.C．Tosuggestapracticalskill.D．Tocriticizesocialmedia.【答案】13．A    14．B    15．D    16．C【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们应该学会批判性思考。13．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Everyterm,one(ifnotmore)studenttellsmehowtakingthiscoursehasaffectedhim/her:“Iusedtojustreadarticlesandbelievewhattheysaid,butnowIfindmyselfasking‘Isthistrue?Howdotheyknow?Isthisawelldesignedstudy?’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“Inordertoresistthedistortionswithwhichweareconstantlybombedinthemedia,aswellasbeabletopresentapersuasiveargument,wemustbeabletoreasonwell,andthinkandgiveajudgementcarefully.(为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明批判性思考正是作者想让学生在她的课上学到的。故选A项。14．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Byteachingouryoungmenandwomentoread,wehaveleftthematthemercyoftheprintedwords.Bytheinventionofthefilmandtheradio,wehavemadecertainthatnodislikeforreadingshallprotectthemfromtheconstantbatteryofwords,words,words.Theydonotknowwhatthewordsmean:theyarevictimstowordsintheiremotionsinsteadofbeingthemastersofthemintheirintelligence.(通过教我们的年轻男女阅读，我们让他们听任印刷文字的摆布。通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”可知，Sayers认为教育让年轻男女听任印刷文字的摆布，他们情感上是文字的受害者，在智力上未成为文字的主人，说明当时的教育状况是令人担忧的。故选B项。15．词句猜测题。由第二段中的“Bytheinventionofthefilmandtheradio,wehavemadecertainthatnodislikeforreadingshallprotectthemfromtheconstantbatteryofwords,words,words.Theydonotknowwhatthewordsmean:theyarevictimstowordsintheiremotionsinsteadofbeingthemastersofthemintheirintelligence.(通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”和第三段中的“Inordertoresistthedistortionswithwhichweareconstantlybombedinthemedia,aswellasbeabletopresentapersuasiveargument,wemustbeabletoreasonwell,andthinkandgiveajudgementcarefully.(为了抵制媒体不断用distortions

11轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，在媒体信息下，不知道文字含义的人们容易成为文字的受害者，作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，才能提出一个有说服力的论点，说明媒体给人们提供了“误导性信息（Misleadinginformation）”，因此人们需要批判性思考信息是对是错，distortions意为“Misleadinginformation”。故选D项。16．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Everyterm,one(ifnotmore)studenttellsmehowtakingthiscoursehasaffectedhim/her:“Iusedtojustreadarticlesandbelievewhattheysaid,butnowIfindmyselfasking‘Isthistrue?Howdotheyknow?Isthisawelldesignedstudy?’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“Inordertoresistthedistortionswithwhichweareconstantlybombedinthemedia,aswellasbeabletopresentapersuasiveargument,wemustbeabletoreasonwell,andthinkandgiveajudgementcarefully.(为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明作者想让学生在她的课上学到批判性思考，再结合最后一段中的“However,bytheendofthecourse,theyareexcitedabouttheirnewlyobtainedabilities.(然而，在课程结束时，他们对新获得的能力感到兴奋)”呼应第一段的内容可知，作者的写作目的在于建议读者掌握一项实用的技能——批判性思考。故选C项。（2022·新疆·统考一模）Feelinghungry?Ifso,what’stheeasiestwaytosatisfyyourhunger?Manyofuswillreachforatakeawaymenuandordersomedeliciousbutpossiblyunhealthyfood.Andourincreasinglybusyandhecticlives,orsomeotherreasonsthatwelacktheskillstoprepareamealforourselvesmightaddtoourneedtobuyready-madefoodonthegoordeliveredtohome.Eatingoptions(thefreedomtochoose)areendless,andnewtechnologymeanswecanfeedourcravingsoreagerdesiresatthepushofabutton.Takeawaydeliveryappsmakeorderingfoodquickandconvenient,andduringtherecentcoronavirus(冠状病毒)crisis,itprovidedalifelinetothosestuckathomewithnothingtocookorwholackedtheskillstoprepareamealforthemselves.It’sestimated(估计)thatintheUKalone,peopleeatthreemilliontakeawaymealsaday,andthethreebiggestdeliveryappstogetherofferachoiceof100cuisinesfrom60,000restaurants.AmeliaBrophy,HeadofUKDataProductsatYouGov,toldtheBBCthatitsresearch“suggeststhatthefrequencyoftakeawaysorderedisexpectedtoincreaseinthefuture”.It’snowonderwearetemptedandattractedtoskipthegroceryshopping,bypassthekitchen,andtuckintosomethingthatsomeoneelsehasprepared.Butorderingadeepcrustpizza,aspicycurryoraboxofnoodles,cancomeatapricebothfinanciallyandtoourhealth.Eatingtoomuchprocessedandunhealthyfastfoodhassome

12effectonobesity(肥胖)andtheriskofdevelopingcertainmetabolicandcardiovasculardiseases.Afewyearsago,TheBBCGoodFoodNationSurveyfoundthatmostpeopleatefastfoodonaveragetwodaysperweek.But,inthe16to20-year-oldcategory,oneinsixatefastfoodatleasttwiceaday.Ofcourse,reducingsalt,sugarandfatisonewaytomaketakeawayfoodhealthier,aswellasofferingsmallerportionsizes.ButthebestadviceyoumightwanttotakeawayfromthisTakeawayEnglishistofindarecipebookandtrymakingyourownnutritiousmeal.Andifyouhaven’tgottime,tryorderingahealthieralternativefromthemenu.17．Whymightsomepeoplechoosetoorderatakeawaymeal?A．Theymightbetoolazytocookthemselves.B．Theymightneverhavetheexperienceofcooking.C．Theymightbesoyoungthattheycan’tcookforthemselves.D．Theymightbetoobusytocookormightbeshortoftheskillstoprepareameal.18．Whatisthequickandeasywaytoorderyourtakeawayfood?A．TakeawaydeliveryappsB．AtakeawaymenuC．Groceryshopping.D．Goingtotherestaurant.19．What’sthenumberofthetakeawaymealseatenbypeopleadayintheUnitedKingdom?A．100.B．60,000.C．3,000,000D．3,000,000,000020．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Thereasonsofthegreatneedoftakeawayfood.B．Thesuggestionsofmakingtakeawayshealthier.C．Theincreasesoftakeawaysinthefuture.D．Theresultsoffastfood.【答案】17．D    18．A    19．C    20．B【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了点外卖食品的利与弊及让外卖更健康的建议。17．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Andourincreasinglybusyandhecticlives,orsomeotherreasonsthatwelacktheskillstoprepareamealforourselvesmightaddtoourneedtobuyready-madefoodonthegoordeliveredtohome.”（我们的生活越来越忙碌，或者我们缺乏为自己准备食物的技能等其他原因可能会增加我们在路上购买现成食物或递送食物到家的需要。）可知，因为我们的生活越来越忙碌，或者因为我们缺乏为自己准备食物的技能，所以我们需要购买现成食物或点外卖，由此可知，有些人会选择点外卖是因为他们可能太忙而不能做饭，或者可能缺乏做饭的技能。故选D项。18．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Eatingoptions(thefreedomtochoose)areendless,andnewtechnology

13meanswecanfeedourcravingsoreagerdesiresatthepushofabutton.”（饮食选择（自由选择）是无止境的，而新技术意味着我们只需按下一个按钮就可以满足我们的愿望或渴望。）和“Takeawaydeliveryappsmakeorderingfoodquickandconvenient”（外卖递送应用程序使点餐快捷方便）可知，外卖递送应用程序使点餐快捷方便，我们只需按下一个按钮就可以，由此可知，点外卖食品的快捷和简单的方式是用外卖递送应用程序。故选A项。19．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“It’sestimated(估计)thatintheUKalone,peopleeatthreemilliontakeawaymealsaday,andthethreebiggestdeliveryappstogetherofferachoiceof100cuisinesfrom60,000restaurants.”（据估计，仅在英国，人们每天就要吃300万份外卖餐，而三大外卖应用程序加在一起提供了来自60000家餐厅的100种美食选择。）可知，据估计，仅在英国，人们每天就要吃300万份外卖餐，由此可知，在英国，人们每天吃3,000,000份外卖餐。故选C项。20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段关键句“Ofcourse,reducingsalt,sugarandfatisonewaytomaketakeawayfoodhealthier,aswellasofferingsmallerportionsizes.”（当然，减少盐、糖和脂肪是使外卖食品更健康的一种方法，同时提供更小的份量。）和“Andifyouhaven’tgottime,tryorderingahealthieralternativefromthemenu.”（如果你没有时间，试着从菜单上点一份更健康的替代品。）可知，最后一段告诉我们如何让外卖食品更健康，例如作为商家可以减少外卖食品的盐、糖和脂肪，或者提供小份量的食品等，作为顾客可以从菜单上点一份更健康的食品，由此可知，最后一段主要讲的是让外卖更健康的建议。故选B项。（2023·河南焦作·焦作市第一中学统考二模）Definitionsofadultlearningvary,butitisusuallydefinedasallformsoflearningundertakenbyadultsafterhavingleftinitialeducationandtraining,howeverfarthisprocessmayhavegone.Educationandtrainingareimportantfactorsforachievingthestrategyobjectivesofraisingeconomicgrowth,competitivenessandsocialinclusion.However,withsomeexceptions,theprocessofimplementingeducationandtrainingremainsweak.Mosteducationandtrainingsystemsarestilllargelyfocusedontheeducationandtrainingofyoungpeopleandlimitedprogresshasbeenmadeinchangingsystemstomirrortheneedforlearningthroughoutthelifespan.Anadditional4millionadultswouldneedtoparticipateinlifelonglearning.Recentresearchconfirmstheimportanceofinvestinginadultlearning.Theresearchonadultsindicatesthatthosewhoengageinlearningarehealthier,withaconsequentreductioninhealthcarecosts.ThebigeconomicchallengeinEuropeistoraiseitsgrowthandemploymentperformancewhilepreservingsocialcohesion(凝聚力).Therapidprogressinotherregionsoftheworldshowstheimportanceofcreative,advancedandqualityeducationandtrainingaskeyfactorsofeconomiccompetitiveness.Generallevelsofcompetencemustincrease,bothtomeettheneedsofthelabourmarketandtoallowcitizenstofunctionwellin

14today'ssociety.Europeisfacingbigdemographic(人口的)changesthatwillhaveamajorimpactonsocietyandontheeconomyandconsequentlyoneducationandtrainingprovisionandneeds.Overthenext30years,thenumberofyoungerEuropeanswillfallby15%.OneinthreeEuropeanswillbeover60yearsold,andaboutoneintenwillbeover80.Giventhechallengesidentifiedabove,raisingtheoveralllevelofskillsoftheadultpopulationbyofferingmoreandbetterlearningopportunitiesthroughoutadultlifeisimportantforbothefficiencyandequityreasons.Notonlydoeslifelonglearninghelpmakeadultsmoreefficientworkersandmoreactivecitizens,italsocontributestotheirpersonalwell-being.21．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“implementing”inparagraph2?A．Carryingout.B．Takingin.C．Knowingabout.D．Lookingover.22．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A．Adultshavereducedhealthcarecosts.B．Learningisgoodforadults’health.C．Fewadultsneedtoreceivelearning.D．Moreresearchwillfocusonlearning.23．WhatproblemdoesEuropefaceaccordingtothetext?A．Europeansarenothealthy.B．ManyoldEuropeanshavedied.C．TheEuropeanpopulationisaging.D．YoungEuropeansareoutofwork.24．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?A．Lifelonglearningisessential.B．Raisingadultpopulationissignificant.C．Weshouldhelpmoreefficientworkers.D．Workcontributestopersonalwell-being.【答案】21．A    22．B    23．C    24．A【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要介绍了终身教育的好处和推广终身教育的重要性。

1521．词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文的进一步解释“Mosteducationandtrainingsystemsarestilllargelyfocusedontheeducationandtrainingofyoungpeopleandlimitedprogresshasbeenmadeinchangingsystemstomirrortheneedforlearningthroughoutthelifespan.(大多数教育和培训制度仍然主要侧重于年轻人的教育和培训，在改变制度以反映整个生命周期的学习需求方面进展有限。)”可知，大多数教育系统都在关注年轻人，而关于终身教育的系统却没取得什么进步，即，实施教育和培训的进程仍然薄弱。由此可推知，“implementing”意为“执行，实施”含义，相当于“carryingout”。故选A项。22．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Theresearchonadultsindicatesthatthosewhoengageinlearningarehealthier,withaconsequentreductioninhealthcarecosts.(对成年人的研究表明，积极学习的人更健康，因此医疗成本也会降低。)”可知,那些参与学习的成年人更加健康。故选B项。23．推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Europeisfacingbigdemographicchanges…Overthenext30years,thenumberofyoungerEuropeanswillfallby15%.OneinthreeEuropeanswillbeover60yearsold,andaboutoneintenwillbeover80.(欧洲正面临巨大的人口结构变化……未来30年，欧洲年轻人的数量将下降15%。三分之一的欧洲人将超过60岁，大约十分之一的人将超过80岁。)”可知,未来三十年,欧洲年轻人的数量会减少,而老年人的数量会增多。这表明欧洲正面临人口老龄化问题。故选C项。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Giventhechallengesidentifiedabove,raisingtheoveralllevelofskillsoftheadultpopulationbyofferingmoreandbetterlearningopportunitiesthroughoutadultlifeisimportantforbothefficiencyandequityreasons.Notonlydoeslifelonglearninghelpmakeadultsmoreefficientworkersandmoreactivecitizens,italsocontributestotheirpersonalwell-being.(鉴于上述挑战，通过在整个成人生活中提供更多更好的学习机会来提高成年人的整体技能水平，对效率和公平都很重要。终身学习不仅有助于成年人成为更高效的工作者和更积极的公民，还有助于他们的个人幸福。)”可知，作者想表达终身教育的重要性，终身教育是必不可少的。故选A项。（2023·河南郑州·郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测）ThereisanoldChineseproverbthatstates“Onegenerationplantsthetrees;anothergetstheshade,”andthisishowitshouldbewithmothersanddaughters.Therelationshipbetweenamotherandadaughterissometimesconfusing.Therelationshipcanbesimilartofriendship.However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.Thesecharacteristicsincludeahierarchy(等级)ofresponsibilitiesandunconditionallove,whichprecludemothersanddaughtersfrombeingbestfriends.Marina,27yearsold,said,“Ilovespendingtimewithmymom,butIwouldn’tconsiderhermybestfriend.Bestfriendsdon’tpayforyourwedding.Bestfriendsdon’tremindyouhowtheycarriedyouintheirbodyandgaveyoulife!Bestfriend:don’ttellyouhowwisetheyarebecausetheyhavebeenaliveatleast20yearslongerthanyou.”Thisdoesn’tmeanthatthemotheranddaughterrelationshipcan’tbeverycloseandsatisfying.

16Whilesomeadultrelationshipsarestilltroubled,manyfindthemtobeextremelyrewarding.Thisgenerationofmothersandadultdaughtershasalotincommon,whichincreasesthelikelihoodofsharedcompanionship.Mothersanddaughtershavealwayssharedthecommonexperienceofbeinghomemakers,responsibleformaintainingandpassingonfamilyvaluesandtraditions.Todaycontemporarymothersanddaughtersalsosharetheexperienceoftheworkforceandtechnology,whichmaybringthemevenclosertogether.Bestfriendsmayormaynotcontinuetobebestfriends,butforbetterorworse,themotheranddaughterrelationshipispermanent,evenifforsomeunfortunatereasontheyaren’tspeaking.Themotherandchildrelationshipiscloserthananyother.Thereisnotanequalrelationship.Daughtersshouldnotfeelresponsiblefortheirmother’semotionalwell-being.Itisn’tthattheydon’tcaredeeplyabouttheirmothers.It’sjustthattheyshouldn’tbeburdenedwiththeirmother’swell-being.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipisarelationshipthatisnotreplaceablebyanyother.Mothersneverstopbeingmothers,whichincludesfrequentlywantingtoprotecttheirdaughtersandoftenfeelingresponsiblefortheirhappiness.Mothersalways“trump(胜过)”friends.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preclude”inparagraph1probablymean?A．differB．preventC．benefitD．change26．Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A．Themotheranddaughterrelationshipcanbereplacedbyabestfriend.B．Amother’slovebringsherandherdaughteraclosefriendship.C．Themotheranddaughterrelationshipgoesbeyondbestfriends’friendship.D．Marinahasatroubledrelationshipwithhermother.27．Howdoestheauthormainlyprovehisstatements?A．Bylistingdata.B．Bygivingexplanations.C．Byquotingsayings.D．Bygivingexamples.28．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoBeaGoodMotherandDaughter?B．WhoIsaMother’sBestFriend?C．MothersorFriends?D．CanaMotherBeaDaughter’sBestFriend?【答案】25．B    26．C    27．B    28．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出问题：母女关系是不是可以替代友谊。然后通过说理的论证方法，最后得出结论：母女关系胜过友谊。25．词句猜测题。根据第一段倒数第二句“However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.

17(然而，母女关系有其独特的特点，使其区别于友谊)”可知，母女关系和友谊有区别，换言之，母女无法成为朋友。而划线句也指出了有所区别的原因，即“Thesecharacteristicsincludeahierarchy(等级)ofresponsibilitiesandunconditionallove(这些特征包括责任等级和无条件的爱)”，故可推测是这些特征阻止了母女变成朋友。故选B项。26．推理判断题。根据第四段一二句“Bestfriendsmayormaynotcontinuetobebestfriends,butforbetterorworse,themotheranddaughterrelationshipispermanent,evenifforsomeunfortunatereasontheyaren’tspeaking.Themotherandchildrelationshipiscloserthananyother.(最好的朋友可能会是最好的朋友，也可能不会继续是最好的，但不管是好是坏，母女关系是永久的，即使出于某种不幸的原因他们没有说话。母亲和孩子的关系比其他任何关系都更密切)”可知，既然母女关系比任何其他关系都要密切，那么它已超出了友谊。故选C项。27．推理判断题。根据第一段第二三四句“Therelationshipbetweenamotherandadaughterissometimesconfusing.Therelationshipcanbesimilartofriendship.However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.(母亲和女儿之间的关系有时令人困惑。这种关系可以类似于友谊。然而，母女关系有着独特的特点，使其区别于友谊)”先指出令人困惑这一问题，随后解释原因；倒数第二段二三四句“Themotherandchildrelationshipiscloserthananyother.Thereisnotanequalrelationship.Daughtersshouldnotfeelresponsiblefortheirmother’semotionalwell-being.(母亲和孩子的关系比其他任何关系都更密切。没有平等的关系。女儿不应该觉得为母亲的情绪健康负责)”先指出母女关系最密切，随后也解释说明为什么，可以看出本文通过解释说明，说理的方式在证明作者陈述的内容。故选B项。28．主旨大意题。根据第一段第二三四句“Therelationshipbetweenamotherandadaughterissometimesconfusing.Therelationshipcanbesimilartofriendship.However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.(母亲和女儿之间的关系有时令人困惑。这种关系可以类似于友谊。然而，母女关系有着独特的特点，使其区别于友谊)”可知，本文探讨的问题就是母女关系和好朋友的友谊关系是否一样，即“妈妈可以是孩子最好的朋友吗”这一问题；且最后一句也给出了作者的答案“Mothersalways“trump(胜过)”friends.(妈妈总是胜过朋友)”，故选项D“CanaMotherBeaDaughter’sBestFriend?(母亲能成为女儿最好的朋友吗？)”可用作本文标题。故选D项。（2021·甘肃天水·天水市第一中学校考模拟预测）Whatpicturedoyouhaveofthefuture?Willlifeinthefuturebebetter,worseorthesameasnow?Whatdoyouhopeaboutthefuture?Futurologistspredictthatlifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2050inallthefieldsofactivity,fromentertainmenttotechnology.Firstofall,itseemsthatTVchannelswillhave    disappearedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogramfroma'menu'andacomputerwillsendtheprogramdirectlytothetelevision.By2050,music,films,programs,newspapersandbookswillcometousbycomputer.

18Inwhatconcernstheenvironment,waterwillhavebecomeoneofourmostseriousproblems.Demandforwaterwillincreasetentimesbetweennowand2050andtherecouldbeseriousshortages.Somefuturologistspredictthatwatercouldbethecauseofwarifwedon'tactnow.Intransport,carswillrunonnew,cleanfuelsandtheywillgoveryfast.Carswillhavecomputerstocontrolthespeedofthecarsandtherewon'tbeanyaccidents.Todaymanycarshavecomputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050,thecomputerwillcontrolthecaranddriveittoyourdestination.Inthedomainoftechnology,robotswillhavereplacedpeopleinfactories.Manyfactoriesalreadyuserobots.Bigcompaniespreferrobots-theydonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrike,andtheywork24hoursaday.By2050,wewillseerobotseverywhere—infactories,schools,offices,hospitals,shopsandhomes.Lastbutnotleast,medicinetechnologywillhaveconqueredmanydiseases.Todayscientistshavediscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.Theyhavealreadyproducedclonesofanimals.By2050,scientistswillbeabletoproduceclonesofpeopleanddecidehowtheylook,howtheybehaveandhowmuchintelligencetheyhave.Scientistswillbeabletodothesethings-butshouldthey?29．What'sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Toarousetheinterestofthereader.B．Totellthebackgroundofthepassage.C．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.D．Todescribethepicturesofthefuture.30．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat?A．computerswillfinallytaketheplaceofthemedianowadays.B．robotswillcompletelyhavereplacedpeopleinfactories.C．computerswilltelldriversexactlywheretheyareinthefuture.D．itismoreconvenienttochooseprogramssentbythecomputer.31．What'stheauthorsattitudetowardsthelifeby2050?A．Excitedbutpessimistic.B．Optimisticbutworried.C．Eagerbutafraid.D．Confidentbutcautious.32．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat?A．alldiseaseswillnotbeconqueredbyscientists.B．scientistshaveknownthewaytoproducegenes.

19C．scientistshaveproducedclonesofpeople.D．theclonesofanimalshavealongwaytogo.【答案】29．A    30．D    31．B    32．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本篇文章从五个方面对2050年未来的生活进行了展望，到2050年，我们的生活将会发生很大的变化，将会完全不同于现在。29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Whatpicturedoyouhaveofthefuture?Willlifeinthefuturebebetter,worseorthesameasnow?Whatdoyouhopeaboutthefuture?(你对未来有什么看法?未来的生活会更好，更糟，还是和现在一样?你对未来有什么希望?)”可推知，开篇接连几个问句的出现，目的在于吸引读者的兴趣，让读者充满期待地读完文章。故选A项。30．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Firstofall,itseemsthatTVchannelswillhavedisappearedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogramfroma“menu”andacomputerwillsendtheprogramdirectlytothetelevision.By2050，music,films,programs,newspapersandbookswillcometousbycomputer.（首先，到2050年，电视频道似乎将消失，取而代之的是，人们将从“菜单”中选择一个节目，电脑将把节目直接发送到电视上。到2050年，音乐、电影、节目、报纸和书籍将通过计算机传入我们的生活。）”可知，选择计算机发送的程序更方便。故选D项。31．推理判断题。根据全文的描述可知，文章从电视节目、水资源、交通、科技、医学等方面构想了未来的生活，这里面有好的，例如电视节目和交通；也有不好的，例如水资源匮乏会带来战争，人类克隆是否可行。因此，作者对于未来生活的总体态度是“乐观中包含担忧”。故选B项。32．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Lastbutnotleast,medicinetechnologywillhaveconqueredmanydiseases.(最后但同样重要的是，医学技术将征服许多疾病。)”可推知，现在医学技术可以攻克一些疾病，但不是所有的疾病都能被科学家攻克。故选A项。

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