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压轴题13阅读理解CD篇+语法填空+书面表达（时间：40分钟满分：56分）第一节（共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分）A（2023·内蒙古包头·统考一模）AteamofresearchersatETHZurichhastheperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourfogproblem.Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentcoating(涂层)thatcanconvertsunlightintoheat,whichcanbeappliedtoglassandothersurfacestopreventthemfromfogging.Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles.Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线照射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging.Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃.Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprayscreateaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemakesituseless.However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water.Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.Goldmightbeexpensive,buttheresearchersstressthattheircoatingrequiressolittlethatthematerialcostsremainlow.Theircoatingisproducedwithstandardizedandreadilyscalablemethods,allcost-effectively.However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarirradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.Intheprocess,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold.Thereisnoneedtofear.However,thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoheatupmoreinthesummer.Theresearchershavealreadyfiledapatent.Hopefully,thisgroundbreakingproductwillsoonbeavailableonthemarket.1．Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog?A．Byreflectingpartofsunlightselectively.B．Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.C．Bycreatingathinfilmofwateronthesurface.D．Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoheatthecoating.2．Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousanti-foggingproducts?A．Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.B．Tointroducetheinspirationbehindthenewcoating.
1C．Toprovethedifficultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.D．Toexplainthereasonfortheanti-foggingcoatingbeingpopular.3．Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating?A．Itisconsiderablyexpensive.B．Itdependsonsunlighttowork.C．Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.D．Itisdifficulttocleanandmaintain.4．Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext?A．Applyforapatentfortheinvention.B．Developtheproductformorepracticaluses.C．Exploretheenvironmentalimpactofthecoating.D．Seekacheapermaterialasanalternativetogold.【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述苏黎世联邦理工学院的一组研究人员找到了解决雾霾问题的完美持久解决方案。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线照射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.(它选择性地吸收来自阳光的红外辐射，并产生强大的加热效应，足以使雾远离物体表面。)”可知，新涂层能通过吸收红外线辐射来加热涂层除去雾。故选D项。2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprayscreateaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.(以前，像防雾喷雾剂这样的产品会在表面形成一层非常薄的水膜来消除雾。这种表面的问题是污染。)”以及“However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water.Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.(但是，这种新涂层可以防水。此外，涂层明显更薄，这使得它更透明和灵活。它是被动加热的，在白天不需要额外的能源。)”可知，作者提到了以前的防雾产品强调新涂层的优点。故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarirradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.(然而，尽管该产品可以在非常低水平的太阳照射下工作，但它确实依赖于一定量的光。)”可知，新涂层的局限性是依靠阳光工作。故选B项。4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.Intheprocess,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold.
2(研究人员将进一步开发这种涂层以用于其他用途。在这个过程中，他们将检验其他金属是否能像黄金一样发挥作用。)”可知，研究人员计划下一步进行研究将产品开发为更实际的用途。故选B项。B（2023·宁夏银川·银川二中校考一模）Asmallgroupofpaleontologists(古生物学家)recentlydiscovered10speciesofancientmammalspreviouslyunknowntosciencewiththehelpofanenormousnumberofhelpersattheirdigsite:ants.ThestudyofancientmammalsthrowsnewlightonthediversityofmammalsthatexistedinNorthAmericaaround33millionto35millionyearsago,whentheclimatewaschangingdramatically.Italsopaysattentiontotheharvesterants,withwhichresearchershavelonghadalove-haterelationship.“Theantsarenotfantasticwhenthey’rebitingyou,”saidSamanthaHopkins,aprofessorofEarthSciencesattheUniversityofOregon.“ButI’vegottoappreciatethembecausetheymakemyjobawholeloteasier.”Mostspeciesofharvesterantsliveinsubterraneancavesthatsitbeneathasmallhillofdirt.Theystrengthenthedirtbycoveringitwithbitsofrockandothertoughmaterials.Theantshavebeenknowntotraveloverahundredfeetfromtheircavesandtodigsixfeetdeepinpursuitofmaterialsthathelpsecuretheircaves.Thematerialsincludefossils.Harvesterantscancarrymaterials10timesto50timestheweightoftheirbody,althoughtheydonotweighverymuch,sotheheaviestfossiltheycancollectweighslessthantheaveragepill.Giventhesize,harvesteranthillsarehotspotsforwhatscientistscallmicrovertebrate(微型脊椎动物)fossils,whichareanimalfossilstoosmalltoseewithoutamicroscope.Foroveracentury,scientistslikeDr.Hopkinshavefoundsediment(沉积物)offthesidesofharvesteranthillsinsearchofthesefossils,makingiteasiertofindlargenumbersoffossilizedmammalteethwithoutspendinghoursinthefieldsiftingthroughsandanddirt.5．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tocomparetwodifferentspecies.B．Toprovideevidencefordiscoveries.C．Topromoteawarenessofmammalprotection.D．Tointroduceakindofantservingasahelper.6．Whichaspectmayinfluencethediversityofmammalsinthepast?A．Antnumbers.B．Climate.C．Cavematerials.D．Dirtlocations.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subterranean”meaninParagraph3?A．Coastal.B．Underground.C．Urban.D．Mountainous.8．Whatcanwelearnabouttheharvesterantsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Theircavesaremilesdeep.B．Theycancarrypillsaround.
3C．Fossilsmaybefoundaroundtheirhills.D．Materialswithfossilsaretheirfood.【答案】5．D 6．B 7．B 8．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一群古生物学家在蚂蚁的帮助之下，发现了许多以前不为人所知的古代哺乳动物。5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Asmallgroupofpaleontologists(古生物学家)recentlydiscovered10speciesofancientmammalspreviouslyunknowntosciencewiththehelpofanenormousnumberofhelpersattheirdigsite:ants.(最近，一小群古生物学家在挖掘现场的蚂蚁的帮助下，发现了10种以前不为科学所知的古代哺乳动物。)”可知，古生物学家在蚂蚁的帮助之下，发现了很多的古代哺乳动物化石，以及下文中对这些蚂蚁在他们工作中的介绍可以推断，本文的目的是介绍作为古生物学家助手的一种蚂蚁。故选D项。6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThestudyofancientmammalsthrowsnewlightonthediversityofmammalsthatexistedinNorthAmericaaround33millionto35millionyearsago,whentheclimatewaschangingdramatically.(对古代哺乳动物的研究为大约3300万至3500万年前存在于北美的哺乳动物多样性提供了新的视角，当时气候正在急剧变化。)”可知，古生物学家古代哺乳动物的研究揭示了古代哺乳动物的多样性，那时候的气候变化剧烈，由此可知，气候的剧烈变化对哺乳动物的多样性有一定的影响。故选B项。7．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子中的定语从句“thatsitbeneathasmallhillofdirt.(它坐落在一座小土山下。)”可知，这个洞穴是在一个小山丘的下面，以及下文中的“Theystrengthenthedirtbycoveringitwithbitsofrockandothertoughmaterials.(他们用岩石和其他坚硬的材料覆盖泥土，使其更加坚固。)”可知，他们用岩石等坚硬的材料覆盖泥土使其更坚固，由此可知，该单词的意思是“地下的”。故选B项。8．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Thematerialsincludefossils.Harvesterantscancarrymaterials10timesto50timestheweightoftheirbody,althoughtheydonotweighverymuch,sotheheaviestfossiltheycancollectweighslessthantheaveragepill.(这些材料包括化石。收割蚂蚁可以携带10到50倍于自身重量的物质，尽管它们的重量不是很大，所以它们能收集到的最重的化石重量比普通药丸还轻。)”可知，这些材料中包含着化石，结合第四段中的“Foroveracentury,scientistslikeDr.Hopkinshavefoundsediment(沉积物)offthesidesofharvesteranthillsinsearchofthesefossils,makingiteasiertofindlargenumbersoffossilizedmammalteethwithoutspendinghoursinthefieldsiftingthroughsandanddirt.(一个多世纪以来，霍普金斯博士等科学家在寻找这些化石的过程中，在收获蚁丘两侧发现了沉积物，这样就更容易找到大量的哺乳动物牙齿化石，而不必花几个小时在野外筛选沙子和泥土。)”可知，科学家在寻找这些化石的过程中，在收获蚁丘的两侧发现了沉积物，由此可见，科学家在收割蚁在洞穴上堆起的小山周围可以找到微型脊椎动物化石。故选C项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）（2023·陕西西安·统考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
4ThedaystartsearlyforShiXiaogang,awildliferanger(护林员)attheWolongNationalNatureReserveinSouthwestChina’sSichuanprovince.Hemonitorsthepopulationofgiantpandasandconductslong-rangepatrols(巡逻)insomeofthemostextremeenvironments,____9____isachallengingand,often,dangerousjob.____10____(cover)about200,000hectares,WolongNationalNatureReserveishometooneofthelargestremaininggiantpandapopulationsinChina.Thankstotherangers’likeShi’sefforts,____11____numberofwildgiantpandasinthereservehasincreasedfrom104,in2015,to149today.In2016,theInternationalUnionforConservationofNature____12____(announce)thatthegiantpanda’sstatushadbeenchangedfrom“endangered”to“vulnerable”onitsRedListofThreatenedSpecies.Aswellas“thehomeofgiantpandas”,thereserveis____13____(wide)knownasa“bio-genebank”.Itfeaturesagreatnumberofthreatenedspeciesofplantsandanimals,includingotherfamous____14____(creature),suchastheredpanda,snowleopardandcloudedleopardamongthe121speciesofmammals(哺乳动物)____15____(record).Therearealso392birdspecies.Tomarktherangers’hardworkandcontributiontowildlife____16____(protect)inthereserve,lastyear,20rangers____17____(recognize)withspecialcommendations(表扬)atanonlineawardceremonyfortheIUCNWorldCommissiononProtectedAreas’InternationalRangerAwards.Thecommissionspeakshighlyoftheirwork,sayingthattheyhelpstopbiodiversitylossandprotecttheimportantecosystemsthatserve_____18_____naturalsolutionstoclimatechangeandotherglobalchallenges.【答案】9．which 10．Covering 11．the 12．announced 13．widely 14．creatures 15．recorded 16．protection 17．wererecognized##wererecognised 18．as【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍卧龙保护区的护林员对该保护区的贡献。9．考查定语从句。句意：他监测大熊猫的数量，并在一些最极端的环境中进行远程巡逻，这是一项具有挑战性且通常危险的工作。此处是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代整个句子的内容，作从句主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。10．考查非谓语动词。句意：卧龙国家级自然保护区占地约20万公顷，是中国现存大熊猫数量最多的保护区之一。分析句子结构可知，cover与逻辑主语WolongNationalNatureReserve构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Covering。11．考查定冠词。句意：由于护林员们的努力，保护区的野生大熊猫数量从2015年的104只增加到今天的149只。此处表示这个保护区野生大熊猫的数量，应用thenumberof表示“……的数量”。故填the。12．考查动词时态。句意：2016年，国际自然保护联盟宣布，大熊猫在濒危物种红色名录上的地位已从“濒危”变为“易危”。根据句中In2016可知，此处用一般过去时态。故填announced。13．考查副词。句意：除了“大熊猫的故乡”，该保护区还被广泛称为“生物基因库”。此处修饰动词known，应用副词widely，作状语。故填widely。
514．考查名词复数。句意：它以大量濒危动植物物种为特色，包括其他著名生物，如记录的121种哺乳动物中的小熊猫、雪豹和云豹。根据otherfamous及suchastheredpanda,snowleopard,cloudedleopard可知，数量大于一，应用名词复数形式。故填creatures。15．考查非谓语动词。句意：它以大量濒危动植物物种为特色，包括其他著名生物，如记录的121种哺乳动物中的小熊猫、雪豹和云豹。分析句子结构可知，record和前面的名词mammals构成动宾关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填recorded。16．考查名词。句意：为了表彰护林员的辛勤工作和对保护区野生动物保护的贡献，去年，在世界自然保护联盟世界保护区委员会的国际护林员奖在线颁奖典礼上，20名护林员获得了特别表彰。根据wildlife及空格后的inthereserve可知，应用名词protection，不可数名词，作宾语。故填protection。17．考查动词语态。句意：为了表彰护林员的辛勤工作和对保护区野生动物保护的贡献，去年，在世界自然保护联盟世界保护区委员会的国际护林员奖在线颁奖典礼上，20名护林员获得了特别表彰。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文lastyear可知，为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为20rangers，谓语用复数。故填wererecognized或wererecognised。18．考查介词。句意：该委员会高度评价了他们的工作，称他们有助于阻止生物多样性丧失，保护重要的生态系统，这些生态系统是应对气候变化和其他全球挑战的自然解决方案。固定短语serveas“作为，充当”。故填as。第三节（共25分）19．（2023·四川遂宁·统考二模）假定你校英文报正在以“养成好习惯，促进我健康”为主题开展征文活动。请写一篇短文，向报社投稿，内容包括：1．介绍一项你的好习惯；2．该习惯对健康的影响；3．呼吁养成健康习惯。注意：1．词数100左右，题目已为你写好；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。GoodHabits,GoodHeal_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文GoodHabits,GoodHealth
6NowI’veformedagoodhabittoimprovemyhealth.Thatis,Iplaybasketballwithmyfriendsontheplaygroundfor40minuteseverydayafterschool.However,ayearago,becauseoftheheavylearningtasks,Ialwaysstayedintheclassroom,notparticipatinginafter-schoolactivitiestorelaxmyself.Asaresult,IfoundIcouldn’tconcentrateonmyschoolworkandalwaysfelttired.IrealizedIhadtoadjustmylifestyle.Then,IbeganplayingbasketballsinceIlikethissport.Now,Ifeelenergetic,andmylearningefficiencyissatisfactory.Astrongnationisbasedonitsstrongyouths.Asseniorthreestudents,weshoulddevelophealthyhabitsandhaveahealthybody.【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你校英文报正在以“养成好习惯，促进我健康”为主题开展征文活动。请写一篇短文向报社投稿,。【详解】1.词汇积累养成：form→develop任务：task→assignment因此：asaresult→asaconsequence集中：concentrateon→focuson2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：However,ayearago,becauseoftheheavylearningtasks,Ialwaysstayedintheclassroom,notparticipatinginafter-schoolactivitiestorelaxmyself.拓展句：However,ayearago,Ialwaysstayedintheclassroom,notparticipatinginafter-schoolactivitiestorelaxmyselfbecausethelearningtasksareheavy.【点睛】[高分句型1]IrealizedIhadtoadjustmylifestyle.(运用了省略that的宾语从句)[高分句型2]Then,IbeganplayingbasketballsinceIlikethissport.(运用了since引导原因状语从句)
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