2023年高考英语压轴题专项训练（江苏专用）4 阅读理解D（社会交往类）（解析版）

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压轴题04阅读理解D综合近几年高考对于阅读理解的能力考查形式，2023年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍然是重点。科普说明文一直都是命题人提高阅读能力的重要考点，因此在近几年的高考命题中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，其中包括研究报告、科学技术、社会心理、宇宙探索、医学报告、语言学、社会生活等多种领域，体现了阅读题材的多样性。四社会交际类1.基本规律：阅读理解D篇阅读文章一般难度都比较大，但命题者设题的难度并不大。2．实用解题方法：①某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。很有可能就是某个问题的同义替换。②有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。要注意的是：作者对什么进行了转折。③每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。④某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。⑤注意中心句（即题眼）和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的，还是转折关系。要把握和前后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词；是转折关系的，就通过转折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。⑥注意几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。押题速练1.Weallknowthatunpleasantfeelingwhenwe’retalkingaboutsomethinginterestingandhalfwaythroughoursentencewe’reinterrupted.Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingtonewresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.Usingasetofcontrolledaudioclips(录音片段),Hiltonsurveyed5,000AmericanEnglishspeakerstobetterunderstandwhataffectspeople’sperceptionsofinterruptions.Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.HiltonfoundthatAmericanEnglishspeakershavedifferentconversationalstyles.Sheidentifiedtwodistinctgroups:highandlowintensityspeakers.Highintensityspeakersaregenerallyuncomfortablewithmomentsofsilenceinconversationandconsidertalkingatthesametimeasignofengagement.Lowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameevidentwhenparticipantslistenedtoaudioclipsinwhichtwo

1peoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hiltonsaid.Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneous(同时)chatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakersweresaying.“Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,”Hiltonsaid.“Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”1．WhatdoesHilton’sresearchfocuson?A．Whatinterruptionsmeantopeople.B．Whetherinterruptionisgoodornot.C．Howtoavoidgettinginterrupted.D．Whyspeakersinterrupteachother.2．Whatdoparticipantsofthestudyneedtodo?A．Recordanaudioclip.B．Answersomequestions.C．Listentooneanother.D．Haveachatwithafriend.3．Whatdolowintensityspeakersthinkofsimultaneouschat?A．It’simportant.B．It’sinteresting.C．It’sinefficient.D．It’simpolite.4．WhatcanwelearnfromHilton’sresearch?A．Humaninteractioniscomplex.B．Communicationisthebasisoflife.C．Interruptionspromotethinking.D．Languagebarrierswillalwaysexist.【答案】1．A    2．B    3．D    4．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，在谈话中被打断是否会带来不愉快，因人而异。1．主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingtonewresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.(但这真的是打扰吗？根据斯坦福大学凯瑟琳·希尔顿领导的一项新研究，答案取决于你问谁)”和第四段第二、三句“Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneouschatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakerswere

2saying.(高强度组报告说，人们在表达同意的同时说话的对话不会被打断，而是比在说话之间保持沉默的对话更投入、更友好。相比之下，低强度组认为任何数量的同时聊天都是粗鲁的打断，不管说话人在说什么)”可知，文章主要说明了“打断”对不同的人来说，意义不同，即“打断”对人们意味着什么。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.(她让参与者听一些音频片段，然后回答一些问题，比如说话者看起来是否友好、投入、彼此倾听，还是试图打断)”可知，参与者们需要在听完音频后回答一些问题。故选B项。3．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Lowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.(低强度说话者觉得同时说话很不礼貌，他们更喜欢人们在谈话中一个接一个地说话)”可推知，对于低强度聊天者来说，同时聊天是粗鲁的，不礼貌的。故选D项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,”Hiltonsaid.“Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”(“人们很在意被打断，而这些小的干扰会对整体交流产生巨大影响，”希尔顿说。“如果我们想了解人类之间是如何互动的，就必须分解中断的含义。”)”可推知，人类的交流是复杂的。故选A项。押题速练2Ithashappenedtousall:sittingonthesofa,toyingwiththeideaofsendinganoldfriendanunexpectedtext,butworryingthatamessageoutofthebluemayseemunusualorjustunwelcome.However,researchsuggestssuchfearsareunfounded,withthoseonthereceivingendoftenfarmoregratefulthanthesendermayexpect.DrPeggyLiu,theleadauthoroftheresearchsaidtheteambegantheirresearchbecausetheyfeltalotofpeoplewerelosingtouchwitheachother.“Wewonderedwhythatmightbe,”shesaid.Liuandhercolleaguesconductedaseriesofexperiments,basedonhypothetical(虚构的)andreal-lifeplots,involvingmorethan5,900participants.Inoneexperiment,54participantswroteanotetoafellowcollegestudenttheyhadn’tbeenintouchforawhile.Thisnotewasemailedtothelatterbytheresearchers,whoaskedboththewriterandrecipienttoindicatehowmuchtheyfeltthemessagewasappreciated.Theresultsshowthatonaveragesendersratedrecipients’(接收者)appreciationat5.57onaseven-pointscale,whiletherecipientsthemselvesratedtheirappreciationat6.17.Theteamsaidthisandotherexperimentsrevealedthatpeoplereceivingmessagesappreciatethemsignificantlymorethanthesendertendstoexpect.ButLiusaidquestionsremained.“Whileweshowthatpeopletypicallyunderestimatehowmuchothersappreciatebeingreachedoutto,itremainsanoutstandingquestionhowwecanactuallymotivatepeopletoreachouttoothersmore,”shesaid.“That’swhatwe’regoingtodonext.”StephenReicher,aprofessorofsocialpsychologyattheUniversityofStAndrews,saidtheresultsmadesense.“Ifthepandemic(疫情爆发)hastaughtusanything,itisthatwehaveapandemicoflonelinesscausingmassiveharmandweneedtoaddressiturgentlyasamatterofpublichealth,”“Feelingconnectedtoothershasconsistentlybeenshowntobegoodforourphysicalandmentalhealth.Suchconnectionscanberemarkablyeffectiveineverythingfromprotectingagainstdepressiontorecoveryfromheartattacks,”hesaid,addingthatsimplyfeelingpartofagroupwasequallyeffective.

31．WhatdoesLiu’sresearchwanttofindout?A．Howpeopleareovercomingfearsofcontactingfriends.B．Whypeoplearegettingdisconnectedwitheachother.C．Whenpeoplecansendtextstorebuildanoldfriendship.D．Whetherpeopleshouldsendfriendsanunexpectedtext.2．WhataspectoftheresearchdoesPara.4mainlytalkabout?A．Itsdesign.B．Itsimpact.C．Itsprocess.D．Itstheory.3．Whatwilltheresearchersdonext?A．Findwaystoconnectpeople.B．Increasetrustbetweenpeople.C．Shapepeople’sperceptionoffriends.D．Callonpeopletoappreciatefriendship.4．WhatmessagedoesStephenReicherwanttoconvey?A．Thepandemicistoblameformentalillness.B．Reachingouttoothersisbeneficialtohealth.C．Joiningagroupispreferabletogettingconnected.D．Theauthoritiesshouldaddresslonelinessurgently.【答案】1．B    2．C   3．A   4．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究者通过调查发现，如果给一个许久未联系的老朋友发消息，信息接收者往往比信息发送者预估的要更加高兴，与他人联系有益身心健康。1．细节理解题。根据第三段“DrPeggyLiu,theleadauthoroftheresearchsaidtheteambegantheirresearchbecausetheyfeltalotofpeoplewerelosingtouchwitheachother.“Wewonderedwhythatmightbe,”shesaid.(这项研究的主要作者刘佩吉博士说，研究小组开始研究是因为他们觉得很多人正在失去联系。“我们想知道为什么会这样，”她说)”可知，刘的研究想弄清楚为什么人们之间的联系越来越疏远。故选B。2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Liuandhercolleaguesconductedaseriesofexperiments,basedonhypothetical(虚构的)andreal-lifeplots,involvingmorethan5,900participants.Inoneexperiment,54participantswroteanotetoafellowcollegestudenttheyhadn’tbeenintouchforawhile.Thisnotewasemailedtothelatterbytheresearchers,whoaskedboththewriterandrecipienttoindicatehowmuchtheyfeltthemessagewasappreciated.(刘和她的同事进行了一系列实验，基于假设和现实情节，涉及5900多名参与者。在一项实验中，54名参与者给一位已经有一段时间没有联系的大学同学写了一张纸条。研究人员通过电子邮件将这封信发给了后者，并要求写信人和收信人说明他们对这封信的感激程度)”可知，第四段主要讲了调查的过程。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句““Whileweshowthatpeopletypicallyunderestimatehowmuchothersappreciatebeingreachedoutto,itremainsanoutstandingquestionhowwecanactuallymotivatepeopletoreach

4outtoothersmore,”shesaid.“That’swhatwe’regoingtodonext.”(“虽然我们的研究表明，人们通常低估了别人被联系的感激程度，但我们如何才能真正激励人们更多地联系别人，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，”她说。“这就是我们接下来要做的。”)”可知，研究者接下来会寻找让人们联系的方法。故选A。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Feelingconnectedtoothershasconsistentlybeenshowntobegoodforourphysicalandmentalhealth.(与他人的联系一直被证明对我们的身心健康有好处)”可知，StephenReicher想要传达的信息是和他人联系有益健康。故选B。押题速练3We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.1．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Addictiontosmartphones.B．Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C．Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D．Impatiencewithslowservice.2．WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A．Showinggoodmanners.B．Relatingtootherpeople.C．Focusingonatopic.D．Makingbusinessdeals.

53．Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A．Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B．Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C．Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D．Itmakespeoplefeelgood.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ConversationCountsB．WaysofMakingSmallTalkC．BenefitsofSmallTalkD．UncomfortableSilence【答案】1．C    2．B    3．D    4．C【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。1．主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。2．推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。3．推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。4．主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。押题速练4Theterm“socialdistancing”hasbeenatthecenterofpublicconversationforawhile.Butit’snot“social”distancewearetryingtopromote.It’sphysicalseparation.Infact,preservingsocialties—evenatadistance—isessentialforbothmentalandphysicalhealth.Theresultsofananalyticreviewdonein2017indicatethatalackofsocialsupportisonaparwithsmokingcigarettesasariskfactorforhealth.Giventhisfact,howmightwebeststayconnectedtootherswhilemaintainingphysicaldistance?Wouldwebebetteroffe-mailingafriend?Makingaphonecall?Settingupavideochat?Inourstudy,NickEpleyandItestedwhetherthemediathroughwhichpeopleinteractaffectstheirsenseofconnection—andhowexpectationsaboutcertaintechnologiesimpactthecommunicationmediatheychoosetouse.

6Inourexperiment,weaskedparticipantstoreconnectwithsomeonethattheyhadn’tinteractedwithrecently,eitherthroughe-mailoroverthephone.Participantsfirstmadepredictionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketogetintouchiftheyreachedoutinthesetwoways.Theygenerallybelievedthatthey’dfeelmoreconnectedwheninteractingviathephonethanovere-mail.Buttheyalsopredictedthattalkingonthephonecouldbemoreuncomfortablethansendingane-mail.Althoughtheseparticipantsbelievedthattalkingencouragedstrongerbonds,mostofthemsaidthey’drathersendane-mailthancallthepersonup.Fearsaboutawkwardness,itseems,pushindividualstowardtext-basedmethodsforcommunicating.Inthenextpartoftheexperiment,wehadparticipantsactuallyreconnectusingonerandomlydeterminedmodeofcommunicationandthenfollowedupwiththemaftertheyhaddoneso.Wefoundthatpeopledoformmeaningfullystrongerbondswheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Importantly,though,therewasnodifferenceintheamountofdiscomfortwhenreconnectingonthephone.Thenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercallingorsettingupavideochat.Feelingsofsocialconnectionarepreferablyfacilitatedbyvoiceratherthanakeyboard.1．Howdoestheauthorsupporthisviewontheimportanceofmaintainingsocialties?A．Bystatingadeep-rootedtradition.B．Bycitingapublishedreport.C．Bysharingpublicopinions.D．Bypresentingofficialdocuments.2．WhatdidtheauthorandEpley’sstudyfocuson?A．Howtechnologiesimpactmeansofcommunication.B．Howsocialmediachoicesaffectfeelingsofconnection.C．Whymaintainingsocialseparationisbadformentalhealth.D．Whyreconnectingwithfriendsoverthephonebringsawkwardness.3．Whatcanweinferfromthestudyresults?A．Theychangedtheresearchobjectives.B．Theyprovidedinsightsforfuturestudies.C．Theyconfirmedresearchers’expectations.D．Theycontradictedparticipants’predictionspartly.4．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext?A．Forstrongerbonds,talkinsteadoftyping.B．Keepingintouchiskeytoalastingfriendship.C．Thinkbeforeyouconsidercontactinganoldfriend.D．Text-basedmethodsforcommunicationcausediscomfort.【答案】1．B    2．A    3．D    4．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了保持社会联系——即使是远距离联系——对身心健康都至关重要，研究发现人们通过电话交流比通过电子邮件交流更能形成有意义的纽带。重要的是，当用手机重新联系时，他们的不适程度没有区别。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Infact,preservingsocialties—evenatadistance—isessentialforbothmentalandphysicalhealth.Theresultsofananalyticreviewdonein2017indicatethatalackofsocialsupportisonaparwithsmokingcigarettesasariskfactorforhealth.(事实上，保持社会联系——即使是远距离联系——

7对身心健康都至关重要。2017年进行的一项分析审查的结果表明，缺乏社会支持与吸烟一样是健康的风险因素)”可知，作者通过引用一份发表的报告支持他关于保持社会联系重要性的观点。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inourstudy,NickEpleyandItestedwhetherthemediathroughwhichpeopleinteractaffectstheirsenseofconnection—andhowexpectationsaboutcertaintechnologiesimpactthecommunicationmediatheychoosetouse.(在我们的研究中，NickEpley和我测试了人们互动的媒体是否会影响他们的联系感，以及对某些技术的期望如何影响他们选择使用的交流媒体)”可知，作者和Epley的研究重点是技术如何影响交流手段。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Buttheyalsopredictedthattalkingonthephonecouldbemoreuncomfortablethansendingane-mail.(但他们也预测，打电话可能比发电子邮件更让人不舒服)”以及倒数第二段中“Wefoundthatpeopledoformmeaningfullystrongerbondswheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Importantly,though,therewasnodifferenceintheamountofdiscomfortwhenreconnectingonthephone.(我们发现，人们通过电话交流比通过电子邮件交流更能形成有意义的纽带。然而，重要的是，当用手机重新联系时，他们的不适程度没有区别)”可推知，研究结果与参与者的预测部分矛盾。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercallingorsettingupavideochat.Feelingsofsocialconnectionarepreferablyfacilitatedbyvoiceratherthanakeyboard.(下次当你考虑如何最好地联系时，考虑打电话或建立视频聊天。社交联系的感觉最好是通过声音而不是键盘来促进的)”可推知，要想加强联系，用交谈代替打字。故选A。押题速练5Societytellsusweshouldsocializetothefullest,andthatthosewhoaresurroundedbypeoplearethemostsuccessfulandthehappiest.Thesedays,we’realmostalwaysconnected,whetherinpersonorthroughourphonescreensandonlinesocialnetworks.Butthere’ssomethingtobesaidforsolitude(独处)Beingalone“doesn’tnecessarilymean”beinglonely”.Infact,spendingtimebyyourselfisanessentialelementofself-care.Aroundtheglobe,differentcultureshavewide-rangingperspectivesonwhatitmeanstospendtimealone.IfyouliveorhavespenttimeintheUnitedStates,you’reprobablyawarethatAmericanstendtorejectsolitude.Formanyyoungerpeople,weekendsarepackedwithsocialactivities,rangingfrombrunchwithfriendstodinnerpartiestogamenightstodrinkingatbarsandeverythinginbetween.TheUnitedStatesisn’ttheonlyplacewhereyou’llfindaheavyemphasisonsocialtime.AcrosstheAtlantic,theUnitedKingdomisknownforbeinganextremelyextroverted(外向型的)country.AsurveyofBritsfoundthatmorethanhalfhadneverdoneandwouldbeunwillingtodoactivitieslikegoingtothemeparksorseeinglivemusicalone.MostBritsspendalmosttwiceasmuchoftheirleisuretimesocializingwithothersaastheydobeingalone.Thehomecanbeaplaceofrest,relaxationandrecharge-thatis,ifyoulivebyyourselforhavethespacetobealoneinyourhome.ThecountryinwhichpeopleareleastlikelytolivealoneisIndia,atabout4percentofthepopulation.Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves.Inmorecollectivistcultureslikethese,manyaspectsofliferevolve(围绕)aroundcommunity.Thus,spendingtimealoneisn’tasingrained(根深蒂固的)asasocialconventioninplaceslikethese,andthegoodofthe

8grouptakespriorityovertheneedsofoneperson.1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Peoplecanbenefitmorefromsolitude.B．Peopletendtosocializemorenowadays.C．Bringalonegenerallyequalsbeinglonely.D．Beingaloneenablespeopletobecarefree.2．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesyoungAmericans?A．Imaginativeandwild.B．SensitiveandenergeticC．Outgoingandsociable.D．Optimisticanddutiful.3．Howdoestheauthorprovehispoint?A．Bymakingasummary.B．Bydrawingcomparisons.C．Byexplainingaconcept.D．Byprovidingexamples.4．WhyaremostChinesepeoplemorelikelytolivetogether?A．Becausetheyshareaspecificculture.B．Becausetheylacksomelocalcustoms.C．BecausetheypossessenoughhomeSpace.D．Becausetheygiveprioritytotheirownneeds.【答案】1．B    2．C    3．D    4．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了不同文化对独处有不同的看法。1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Societytellsusweshouldsocializetothefullest,andthatthosewhoaresurroundedbypeoplearethemostsuccessfulandthehappiest.Thesedays,we’realmostalwaysconnected,whetherinpersonorthroughourphonescreensandonlinesocialnetworks.（社会告诉我们，我们应该充分地社交，那些周围有人的人是最成功和最快乐的。如今，无论是面对面，还是通过手机屏幕和在线社交网络，我们几乎总是联系在一起）”可知，从第一段中，我们可学到现在人们更倾向于社交。故选B项。2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Formanyyoungerpeople,weekendsarepackedwithsocialactivities,rangingfrombrunchwithfriendstodinnerpartiestogamenightstodrinkingatbarsandeverythinginbetween.（对许多年轻人来说，周末充满了社交活动，从和朋友吃早午餐到晚餐派对，到游戏之夜，再到酒吧喝酒，等等）”可知，外向，善于交际最能描述年轻的美国人。故选C项。3．推理判断题。根据第二段“IfyouliveorhavespenttimeintheUnitedStates,you’reprobablyawarethatAmericanstendtorejectsolitude（如果你在美国生活或待过一段时间，你可能知道美国人往往不喜欢独处）”以及第三段“AcrosstheAtlantic,theUnitedKingdomisknownforbeinganextremelyextrovertedcountry（在大西洋的另一边，英国是一个非常外向的国家）”以及第四段中“ThecountryinwhichpeopleareleastlikelytolivealoneisIndia,atabout4percentofthepopulation.Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves（最不可能独自生活的国家是印度，大约占人口的4%。中国也非常喜欢多人家庭，只有大约10%的人独自生活）”可知，作者是通过举例子的方式来证明自己的观点。故选D项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves.Inmorecollectivistcultureslikethese,manyaspectsofliferevolvearoundcommunity.（中国也非常喜欢多人家庭，只有大约10%

9的人独自生活。在这些更集体主义的文化中，生活的许多方面都围绕着社区）”可知，大多数中国人更喜欢住在一起的原因是因为因为他们有共同的文化。故选A项。

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