河南省信阳高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

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信阳高中2025届高一上学期期末考试英语试题(考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分)注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上相应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。l.Whatdidthemandolastweekend?A.Hewentshopping.B.Hewatchedamovie.C.Hereadbooksathome.2.Whereistheman’swatch?A.Inthekitchen.B.Inthebathroom.C.Inthebedroom.3.Whatdoestheman’sbrotherlooklike?A.Hewearsdarkhair.B.Hehasblondeeyes.C.Hewearsglasses.4.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Helppaintherbedroom.B.Lookafterherbrother.C.Examineherbrother'sann.5.Whydidthemanfailtoanswerthephone?A.TheTVwastoonoisy.B.Hisphonewasbroken.C.Hewenttosleepearly.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aclassmeeting.B.Theirappointment.C.Anewlesson.7.WhenwillthewomanandSarahreviewtheirlessons?第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1A.Atabout2:10.B.Atabout3:10.C.Atabout4:10.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What’swrongwiththeman?A.Hehadhisleghurt.B.Helostthegame.C.Hemissedthetraining.9.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Thewomanfelldown.B.Theman’scutisdeep.C.Thewomanwilldressthewound.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howisthewoman’spresentjob?A.Quiteokay.B.Nottoobad.C.Unpleasant.11.Whatisprobablytheman’splannow?A.FindinganewjobinSpain.B.LearningtospeakSpanish.C.Settingupabusinesstravel.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fellowworkers.B.Goodfriends.C.Travelpartners.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthewomancareabouttheflat?A.Thesize.B.Thesurroundings.C.Thedecoration.14.Howmuchwillthemanpayfortheflatperweek?A.Twohundredpounds.B.Fivepounds.C.Fortypounds.15.Whatdoesthemanhavetoborrowfromhismother?A.Thecooker.B.Thewashingmachine.C.Thefridge.16.Whenwillthemanmovehouse?A.OnSunday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnMonday.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WherewillCaroleBerggiveatalk?A.IntheOakRoom.B.IntheGreenRoom.C.IntheUnionTheatre.18.WhatcanpeopledointheCampusComerCabaret?AAttendadanceparty.B.Watchagreatfilm.C.Enjoyaliveshow.19.Howmuchdoesafilmticketcost?A.$7.B.$5.C.S3.20.Whatshouldpeopledotoheartherecordingagain?A.Pressthepoundkey.B.CalltheHotline.C.DialtheTheater.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AYoungreaderswilldiscoverdinosaurs,stars,explorers,landmarks(地标)andmoreinthefollowingmapsandtravelbookschosenbyVivienGodfrey,headofStanfords.第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2MapsSpecialEdition,£25Thisbookwasalreadypopularinourchildren’sareaandhasbeenmadeevenbetterwiththisspecialedition,whichincludes16newmaps.Thecollectionof68mapstakesyouthrough58countriesandsixcontinents.Itispackedwithillustrated(插画的)information,whichincludesfamoushistoricalfigures,localdishes,somefestivals,wildanimalsandlandmarks.MapsoftheUnitedKingdom,£17.99WemadeMapsoftheUnitedKingdomfirstavailableattheStanfordsstoreinLondon.Technicallyaimedatchildren,itcontainslotsofinformationandfacts.It’sverywellputtogether,especiallywhenitcomestochoosingthesevenfamouspeoplewithaconnectiontotheirspecialplace:PhilipPullman,forexample,isassociatedwithNorfolk.HarryPotter’sLondon:TheFilmLocationWalk,£3.99Harrypotter’sLondonisamapthatcoversinformationonthreewalkstakeninthebestofthecentralLondonlocationsinthehugelypopularfilms.ThewalkscoverPiccadillyCircus,WestminsterBridgeviaTrafalgarSquare,andKing’sCross,withitsfamousPlatform9¾.UsborneFirstStickerBookFlags,£5.99Learntheflagofeverycountryintheworldbyplacingtheflagstickersonthecorrectcountriesonthemaps.Thiscontainsinterestingfactsaboutcountriesandwhycertainflagshavetheirparticulardesigns.Therearefunquestionsthroughout,including,“SomeAfricanflagshaveadiagonalstripe(对角条纹).Howmanycanyoufind?”.1.MapsSpecialEditioncanofferreadersknowledgeabout______.A.someofchildren’sfavoritebooksB.popularfestivalsaroundtheworldC.differenteditionsoftheworldmapD.thepeopleandcultureofmanyplaces2.Withabudgetof£5,youcanbuy______.A.MapsSpecialEditionB.MapsoftheUnitedKingdomC.HarryPotter’sLondonD.UsborneFirstStickerBookFlags3.WhatcanreadersdowithUsborneFirstStickerBookFlags?A.Findcountries’flagsofvariousdesigns.B.Askquestionsabouttheoriginofcountries.C.Matchflagfactswiththehistoryofcountries.D.Makedifferentdesignsforsomecountries’flags.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了由Stanfords负责人选出的几本地图和旅行书籍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MapsSpecialEdition,£25部分中的“Thecollectionof68mapstakesyouthrough58第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3countriesandsixcontinents.Itispackedwithillustrated(插画的)information,whichincludesfamoushistoricalfigures,localdishes,somefestivals,wildanimalsandlandmarks.(这68张地图将带你穿越五十八个国家，六大洲。里面充满了插图资料，包括著名的历史人物，当地的菜肴，一些节日，野生动物和地标。)”可知，MapsSpecialEdition这本地图可以让读者了解许多地方的人民和文化，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HarryPotter’sLondon:TheFilmLocationWalk,£3.99(《哈利波特的伦敦:电影外景大道》，3.99英镑)可知，如果你有5英镑预算，你可以买HarryPotter’sLondon这本书，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据UsborneFirstStickerBookFlags,£5.99部分中的“Learntheflagofeverycountryintheworldbyplacingtheflagstickersonthecorrectcountriesonthemaps.Thiscontainsinterestingfactsaboutcountriesandwhycertainflagshavetheirparticulardesigns.(通过在地图上正确的国家上贴上国旗标签来了解世界上每个国家的国旗。这里有一些关于国家的有趣事实，以及为什么某些国旗有它们特殊设计。)”可知，读者在UsborneFirstStickerBookFlags这本书中可以找到各种设计的国旗，故选A。BSomeparentsmayhavehadtroublegettingtheirkidsawayfromelectronicsandoutsidethissummer.ButforoneVirginiafamily,thiswasn’tthecase.JoshandCassieSuttonrecentlycompletedafull-lengthhikeoftheAppalachianTrailwiththeirson,Harvey.Atjust5yearsold,Harvey,whoearnedthenickname“LittleMan”fromfellowhikers,isoneoftheyoungestpeopleknowntohavecompletedtheroughly2,100-miletrailthatstretchesacross14statesin209days.WhenHarveywas2yearsold,hisparentsbegantraininghimforhikingbygoingonminiwalks.Theyslowlyincreasedtheirmileagedaybyday—eventuallymakinghimadapttohisbigadventure.“Alotofpeoplearesurprisedathowwellhedid.They’relike,‘Howdidyougetyour5-year-oldtodothatbecausemy5-year-oldwon’tevenwalkhalfamilewithoutcom-plaining?’”MomCassieSuttonsaid.TheSuttonssaidthatwhiletheadventureofthe2,100-milehikewasfunasafamily,itdidhaveitschallenges—especiallywhenitcametokeepingHarveyentertained.“Welearnedthatheisgiftedinhiking,butaslongaswe’replayingmake-believewithhimalldaylong,thenhemovesquicklyandhikesalotfasterthanalotofusimagine,”JoshSuttonsaid.WhiletheSuttonshaveplansformorehikesandfamilyadventuresahead,thefamilyisgettingadjustedtolifeathomeagainasHarveybeginshislatestadventure:kindergarten.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.A5-year-oldhiked2,100milesinabout7months.B.Joshearnedthenickname“LittleMan”becauseofhisson.C.Harveyistheyoungestpersontocoverthe2,100-miletrail.D.OneVirginiafamilyhadtroublegettingawayfromelectronics.5.WhatisthechallengeofmakingHarveyfinishtheadventure?A.Playingmake-believe.B.Keepinghimamused.C.Hikingfastenough.D.Havingmealsasafamily.6.WhichwordcanbestdescribeHarveyinhiking?第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4A.Negative.B.Naughty.C.Talented.D.Normal.7.WhatisHarvey’snextadventure?A.Tohavemoregames.B.Togetadjustedtofamilylife.C.Tohavemorehikeswithhisfamily.D.Toreceivepre-schooleducation.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Sutton夫妇带领着年仅5岁的儿子历经约7个月的时间完成了长达2100英里左右的徒步之旅，使孩子既得到了锻炼也远离了电子产品，一举两得。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Atjust5yearsold”和“havecompletedtheroughly2,100-miletrailthatstretchesacross14statesin209days（在209天内，穿越14个州，完成了大约2100英里的徒步之旅）”可知，五岁大的Harvey在7个月左右的时间内徒步走了2100英里。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“TheSuttonssaidthatwhiletheadventureofthe2,100-milehikewasfunasafamily,itdidhaveitschallenges—especiallywhenitcametokeepingHarveyentertained.（Sutton夫妇说，对于一家人来说，这次2100英里的徒步旅行很有趣，但是也面临着挑战——尤其是在让Harvey开心方面）”可知，在这次的徒步旅行中，要让Harvey和父母一起完成徒步所要面临的挑战就是让他感到开心，坚持下去。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Welearnedthatheisgiftedinhiking（我们在旅途中发现他在徒步方面有天赋）”可知，在徒步之旅中，Harvey展现出了这方面的天赋。A.Negative消极的，负面的；B.Naughty调皮的；C.Talented有天赋的；D.Normal正常的。故选C项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“thefamilyisgettingadjustedtolifeathomeagainasHarveybeginshislatestadventure:kindergarten（因为Harvey即将开始他新的旅程——上幼儿园，所以这一家人正在重新适应家庭生活）”可知，Harvey接下来的旅程就是上幼儿园，接受学前教育。故选D项。CWhenDonLyons,directorofaseabirdrestorationprogram,visitedasmallvalleyinJapan,hefoundalocalvarietyofricecalled“cormorantrice”.Thegrainactuallygotitsnamefromtheseabirdsthatnestedinthetreesaroundthepondsusedtosupplywatertothericefields.Theirdroppings(粪),richinnitrogen(氮)andphosphorus(磷),werewashedintothewaterandeventuallywenttothericefields.ThephenomenonthatLyonsencounteredisnotanewone.Whatisnewisthatscientistshavenowcalculatedanexactvalueforseabirddroppings.Giventhat30percentofthespeciesofseabirdsareendangered,researcherspublishedastudythatestimatestheannualvalueofseabirds.“Iseethatpeoplejustcareaboutsomethingwhenitbringsbenefitsandwhentheycanseethebenefits,”saysDanielPlazas-Jiménez,aseabirdresearcher.Toshowthebenefitsseabirdsprovide,scientistssetouttoputapricetagontheanimals’droppings.Theestimatedvalueofseabirddroppingsasanorganicfertilizer(肥料)againstthecostofreplacingitwith第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5human-madechemicalfertilizerswasaround$474million.Thescientiststhenestimatedthat10%oftheprofitscomingfromcoralreefsdependonseabirdnutrients.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,theannualeconomicreturnsofcommercialfisheriesoncoralreefsareabout$6.5billion.So,10%ofthisvalueisaround$650millionperyear.TherichnessofseabirddroppingsinSouthAmerica,particularlyontheChinchaIslandshasbeendocumentedforcenturies.Peopletherewerethefirsttorecognizeseabirds’agriculturalbenefits.Atonepoint,anestimated60millionbirdsbuilt150-foot-highmounds(堆)ofdroppings.However,onlyanestimated4millionseabirdsnowliveontheChinchaIslands.Thislossispartofaglobaltrend.Bytheearly1840s,seabirddroppingsbecameafull-blownindustry;theywerecommerciallymined,transportedandsold.Theindustrycrashedaround1880andreappearedintheearly20thcentury.Today,interestinseabirddroppingsisresurgentasconsumerdemandfororganicagricultureandfoodprocessinghasrisen.However,thedeclineofseabirdpopulationscausedbyhumanactivitiesandglobalwarmingisabsolutelyaterribleshocktosomeareas’economy.8.Whatwastheprobablereasonforpeople’snamingtheirricevarietyafterseabirds?A.Becauseseabirdsfedonthisvarietyofrice.B.Becauseseabirdsnestedaroundthericefields.C.Becauseseabirdscontributedalottotherice’sgrowth.D.Becauseseabirdsandthericedependedonthesameponds.9.Whatwastheaimofresearchers’study?A.Todiscoverthephenomenarelatedtoseabirds.B.Tomeasureseabirds’productionofdroppings.C.Toidentifytheendangeredseabirdspecies.D.Topromoteeffortstoprotectseabirds.10.Howmuchisseabirds’wasteworthperyearaccordingtothescientists?A.Around$474millionB.Around$600millionC.Around$1.1billionD.Around$6billion11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?A.Peopleinvestmoreintheindustryrelatedtoseabirddroppings.B.People’senthusiasmforseabirddroppingsgrowsstronger.C.Theinterestratesofbuyingseabirddroppingsarehigher.D.Theproductionofseabirddroppingsbecomeslower.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着消费者对有机农业和食品加工的需求增加，人们对海鸟粪便的兴趣又重新燃起。科学家希望重新利用鸟粪可以唤起人们保护环境的热情。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Thegrainactuallygotitsnamefromtheseabirdsthatnestedinthetreesaroundthepondsusedtosupplywatertothericefields.Theirdroppings(粪),richinnitrogen(氮)and第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6phosphorus(磷),werewashedintothewaterandeventuallywenttothericefields.(这种谷物的名字来源于在稻田供水的池塘周围的树上筑巢的海鸟。它们的粪便富含氮和磷，被冲进水中，最终进入稻田。)”可知，因为这种海鸟的粪便富含氮和磷，被冲进水中，最终进入稻田，这有益于稻谷的生长，所以人们用海鸟来命名他们的水稻品种的可能原因是这种鸟对稻子的巨大贡献。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ Giventhat30percentofthespeciesofseabirdsareendangered,researcherspublishedastudythatestimatestheannualvalueofseabirds.(考虑到30%的海鸟物种濒临灭绝，研究人员发表了一项估计海鸟年价值的研究。)”可知，因为研究人员发现了海鸟研究的价值，所以研究人员研究的目的促进人们更好去海鸟的保护。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theestimatedvalueofseabirddroppingsasanorganicfertilizer(肥料)againstthecostofreplacingitwithhuman-madechemicalfertilizerswasaround$474million. (估计海鸟粪便作为有机肥料的价值与用人造化肥替代有机肥料的成本之比约为4.74亿美元。)和“Thescientiststhenestimatedthat10%oftheprofitscomingfromcoralreefsdependonseabirdnutrients.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,theannualeconomicreturnsofcommercialfisheriesoncoralreefsareabout$6.5billion.So,10%ofthisvalueisaround$650millionperyear.(科学家们随后估计，来自珊瑚礁的利润中有10%依赖于海鸟的营养。根据联合国的数据，珊瑚礁上的商业渔业每年的经济回报约为65亿美元。10%的价值大约是每年6.5亿美元。)”可知，在科学家看来，每年鸟粪的价值是：4.74亿美元＋6.5亿美元=11.2亿美元。故选C。【11题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线句后半句“asconsumerdemandfororganicagricultureandfoodprocessinghasrisen(随着消费者对有机农业和食品加工的需求增加)”可知，人们对海鸟粪便的热情日益高涨，才会让消费者对有机农业和食品加工的需求增加，由此可推知，前半句划线部分意思是“人们对海鸟粪便的热情日益高涨。”故选B。DItisawell-knownfactthatplasticbottles,whichtakehundredsofyearstorot,areharmfultoourenvironment.However,effortsbyenvironmentaliststoencourageconsumerstoswitchtoalternatives,likewaterfountainsorreusablebottles,havenotbeenveryeffective.TheU.S.aloneusesover50millionplasticbottlesannually,80%ofwhichendupinlandfills.Totrytostopthat,RodrigoGarcíaGonzález,PierrePaslierandGuillaumeCouchefromtheImperialCollegeLondonhavebeenworkingonarevolutionarysolution—waterwrappedinsideaneatablecontainermademostlyfromseaweed.Allthecustomerhastodotorelievehis/herthirstispoptheentiredropintothemouth.Theinventors,whohavebeenworkingontheOohobubblesince2014,useasimpletwo-stepcookingprocesscalledspherification(球化)tocreatethedelicatecontainer.Theybeginbydippingafrozenballofwaterorjuiceintoachemicalsolution(溶液).Thishelpsformalayeraroundtheliquid.Theballisthenabsorbedinasolutionmadefromseaweedextract.Thiscreatesasecondlayer,helpingstrengthenthestructuresothatthewaterorjuicedoesnotleak.Inadditiontosavingourenvironment,thebiodegradable(可降解的)packagingcostsjusttwocentseach,makingitcheapertoproducethanplastic.第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7Afterthreeyearsofperfectingthedesign,theinventors,whorecentlyraisedover1millionUSDfromafinancialactivity,arereadytobringtheOohobubbletolocalmarket.However,thereareafewchallengesthatstillneedtobeovercomebeforetheproduct’slaunch.Inadditiontogettingaccustomedtothetasteofthecovering,eacheatablecontainercontainsjustamouthfulofwater,requiringconsumerstodrinkmultiplebubblestorelievetheirthirst.Thereisalsotheissueoffindinganeco-friendlypackagingtotransportthebubblessothattheyremaincleananddonotburst.Hopefully,theinventorswillfindwaystohandletheissuessothatwecanreduce,orperhapsevenremove,plasticbottles.12.WhywastheOohobubblecreated?ATotestanewly-designedmaterial.B.Tochangeconsumers’drinkinghabit.C.Toreducepollutioncausedbyplastic.D.Totakeashareofdrinkingwaterindustry.13.Whatwilltheinventorsprobablydonext?A.Solvesomespecificproblemsoftheproduct.B.Collectmoremoneytoexpandproduction.C.DistributetheOohobubbletoglobalmarket.D.AdvertisetheadvantagesoftheOohobubble.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheOohobubble’slaunch?A.Uncaring.B.Doubtful.C.Confident.D.Opposed.15.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ScientistsWorkoutaNewKindofWaterB.PlasticBottlesWillBeReplacedbytheOohoBubbleC.EnvironmentalPollutionisExpectedtoBeSolvedD.TheOohoBubbleAimstoRemovePlasticBottles【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新型饮用水Oohobubble的产生背景、研发过程以及投放市场前所做的准备等情况。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Itisawell-knownfactthatplasticbottles,whichtakehundredsofyearstorot,areharmfultoourenvironment.(众所周知，塑料瓶要几百年才能腐烂，对我们的环境有害。)”以及“TheU.S.aloneusesover50millionplasticbottlesannually,80%ofwhichendupinlandfills.(仅美国每年就使用超过5000万个塑料瓶，其中80%最终被扔进了垃圾填埋场。)”可知，Oohobubble被研发出来的目的是为了结局塑料造成的污染问题。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However,thereareafewchallengesthatstillneedtobeovercomebeforetheproduct’slaunch.(然而，在产品发布之前还有一些挑战需要克服。)”可知，Oohobubble研发者在接下来会解决产品存在的具体问题。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hopefully,theinventorswillfindwaystohandletheissuessothatwecanreduce,orperhapsevenremove,plasticbottles.(第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

8希望发明者能找到解决问题的方法，这样我们就能减少，甚至移除塑料瓶。)”可知，作者对Oohobubble投放市场是充满信心的。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了新型饮用水Oohobubble的产生背景、研发过程以及投放市场前所做的准备等情况。同时文章也指出，研发这种饮用水的目的是为了解决塑料水瓶带来的污染问题。故D选项“TheOohoBubbleAimstoRemovePlasticBottles(“Ooho泡泡”旨在去除塑料瓶)”能够概括文章大意。故选D。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lightningoraboltoflightningiswhatweallcallthebrightflashesoflightthatcomeoutofthecloudsduringathunderstorm.____16____Threethousandyearsago,theGreeksthoughtthatlightningboltscamefromanangrygod.____17____Sincethen,scientistshavelearnedthatlightningisadischarge(释放)ofstaticelectricity(静电)hatformswhenthewaterdropletsmakingupthecloudsrubtogether.Thestaticchargetriestogettothegroundorintoanother,andthatiswhenweseelightning.Typically,lightningtravelsfromcloudtogroundorcloudtocloud.Thelightningyouseeduringasummerthunderstormiscalledcloud-to-ground.____18____Thatisindeedtoofastforthehumaneyetoseeitspath.____19____Skyscrapersandthingsthataretallmaybehitmanytimesduringasinglestorm,andstayingunderatalltreecanbeverydangerous.Duringathunderstorm,youcanfindsomesafetyinacarmadefrommetal.Lyingflatonthegroundinanopenareaisanotheroptionthatprovidesyouwithsomesafety.Lightningboltscausethegreatestthreattolifeandproperty(财产).____20____InAmerica,about100peoplearekilledbylightningeachyear.Itistruethatyourchanceofbeingstruckbylightningisverylow,butyoushouldstillbecarefulbecauselightningisverydangerous.A.Itisusuallyaccompaniedbythunder.B.Lightningoftenstrikesinthesameplace.C.Theyaremoredangerousthancommonlythought.D.Lightningstartsinsideathunderstormandtravelsthroughthecloud.E.Therearetwowaysthatflashescanstrikeground:downwardandupward.F.In1752,BenjaminFranklinprovedthatlightningwasmadeupofelectricity.G.Ittravelsfromastormcloudtothegroundatarateof200,000milesperhour.【答案】16.A17.F18.G19.B20.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是闪电及闪电对人们的生命和财产造成的威胁。【16题详解】根据上文“Lightningoraboltoflightningiswhatweallcallthebrightflashesoflightthatcomeoutofthecloudsduringathunderstorm.(闪电或一道闪电是我们对雷雨期间从云层中发出的明亮的闪光的称呼。)”可知，上文介绍了什么是闪电，A第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9项意为“它通常伴随着雷声。”，选项承接上文，继续介绍闪电，且选项中的“It”代指上文的“Lightning”，即闪电通常伴随着雷声。故选A。【17题详解】根据上文“Threethousandyearsago,theGreeksthoughtthatlightningboltscamefromanangrygod.(三千年前，希腊人认为闪电来自愤怒的上帝。)”可知，上文介绍了古时候人们对闪电的由来的猜测，F项意为“1752年，本杰明·富兰克林证明了闪电是由电构成的。”，选项能够承接上文，介绍了现代科学家对闪电由来的科学说明。故选F。【18题详解】根据上文“Thelightningyouseeduringasummerthunderstormiscalledcloud-to-ground.(在夏季雷雨期间，你所看到的闪电被称为“云对地”。)”可知，上文介绍了夏季雷雨期间的“云对地”闪电，G项意为“它以每小时200000英里的速度从风暴云中移动到地面。”，选项能够承接上文，介绍了“云对地”的速度，选项中的“fromastormcloudtotheground”和上文的“cloud-to-ground”相呼应。故选G。【19题详解】根据下文“Skyscrapersandthingsthataretallmaybehitmanytimesduringasinglestorm,andstayingunderatalltreecanbeverydangerous.(摩天大楼和高大的东西在一场风暴中可能会被多次击中，并且待在一棵大树下可能非常危险。)”可知，下文介绍了哪些地方是容易被闪电击中的地方，B项意为“闪电经常击中同一个地方。”，选项能够引起下文，下文介绍的正是容易被闪电击中的地方。故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Lightningboltscausethegreatestthreattolifeandproperty(财产).(闪电对生命和财产造成最大的威胁。)”可知，本段介绍的是闪电会对生命和财产造成极大威胁，C项意为“它们比人们通常认为的更危险。”，选项能够承接上文，进一步描述闪电对生命和财产造成的威胁的严重性，且下文“InAmerica,about100peoplearekilledbylightningeachyear.(在美国，每年大约有100人死于闪电。)”正是对威胁严重性的举例。故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I’maprofessorteachingpeoplehowtothinkmorecreatively.___21___,thislifetimepassionwasawakenedbyacasualcontestwhenIwasachild.Atafamilypicnic,childrenusedtohavethehandkerchief-throwingcontest,whichIrealizenow,wasnotmeanttoshowanyreal___22___,butsimplyforlaughs.Butitstirredmyloveofthinkingoutsidethe___23___.Thehostgaveeachchildaclothhandkerchiefandtoldusthewinnerwouldbetheonewhothrewitthefarthest.Thefirstlittlethrowers___24___mightystrength,buttheclothopenedandfelltotheground.Sowhenonekidafteranotherthrewharderwhenthehandkerchiefalwaysopened,it___25___me.Thesecretwasnottothrowharderbuttokeeptheclothfrom___26___!SupposeIhidarockintheclothwithouttyingit.Therockwould___27___theclothatleastfartherthantheothers,andwhentheyseparated,peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrock___28___inthegrass.Ihadagoodchanceof___29___withit,butIdidn’twanttowinbycheating.Ihadtomakethehandkerchiefflylikearock.Ibegantyingthehandkerchiefarounditselftomakeit____30____第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10.WhenIapproachedthe____31____asthefinalcontestant,peoplewerealreadylaughing.Itookalongwind-up,andtheballedhandkerchiefrocketedoffmaybe60feetaway.Thelaughing____32____suddenly.Thehoststaredatmeandthenranto____33____ifI’dcheatedthecrowd.“It’sjustthehandkerchief.”hedeclared.TheadultsapplaudedandIfelt____34____.ThisishowIlearnedthesecrettocreativethinking.Iwantedtocontinuelooking____35____whatthingsseemedtobe.21.A.IncreasinglyB.UnfortunatelyC.InterestinglyD.Normally22.A.skillsB.suggestionsC.disadvantagesD.signals23.A.picnicB.crowdC.groundD.box24.A.brokeupB.setupC.usedupD.tookup25.A.scaredB.annoyedC.distractedD.delighted26.A.openingB.flyingC.disappearingD.floating27.A.adjustB.desertC.encounterD.drive28.A.growingB.landingC.shootingD.roaring29.A.gettingawayB.fadingawayC.doingawayD.runningaway30.A.roundB.heavyC.bigD.cute31.A.lineB.rockC.winnerD.punishment32.A.eruptedB.followedC.grewD.died33.A.suspectB.predictC.examineD.remind34.A.ashamedB.stressedC.cautiousD.proud35.A.aroundB.beyondC.besideD.above【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.A30.A31.A32.D33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者通过在小时候的投手帕比赛中感悟到如何进行创造性思考。21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，这种一生的激情是在我小时候的一次随意比赛中唤醒的。A.Increasingly越来越；B.Unfortunately不幸的是；C.Interestingly有趣的是；D.Normally正常。根据下文中的“…thislifetimepassionwasawakenedbyacasualcontestwhenIwasachild.”可知，一生的激情是在我小时候一次随意的比赛中唤醒，这是很有趣的事情。故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次家庭野餐中，孩子们曾经参加过投掷手帕比赛，我现在意识到，这不是为了展示任何真正的技能，而只是为了笑。A.skills技能；B.suggestions建议；C.disadvantages缺点；D.signals信号。根据上文中的“…Irealizenow,wasnotmeanttoshowany…”以及下文中的“…butsimplyforlaughs”可知，投掷手帕比赛只是为了开怀一笑，不是为了展示技能。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它激起了我对跳出常规思考的热爱。A.picnic野餐；B.crowd人群；C.ground地面；D.box盒子，框架。结合语境可知，此处指的是“跳出框架”思考问题，thinkoutsidethebox第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11意为“创造性思维”。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第一个小投掷者使尽了巨大的力量，但手帕打开并掉在了地上。A.brokeup分手，解散；B.setup建立；C.usedup用完；D.tookup占据，从事。根据下文中的“Thesecretwasnottothrowharder…”可知，此处指的是使劲投掷手帕。故选C项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当一个又一个的孩子在手帕打开时更用力地投掷时，我很恼火。A.scared害怕的；B.annoyed生气的；C.distracted分心的；D.delighted高兴的。根据上文中的“whenonekidafteranotherthrewharderwhenthehandkerchiefalwaysopened,…”可知，作者看到其他选手的做法感到很生气。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：秘诀不是扔得更用力，而是防止手帕打开！A.opening打开；B.flying飞行；C.disappearing消失；D.floating漂浮。根据上文中的“…buttheclothopenedandfelltotheground.”以及空前的“Thesecretwasnottothrowharderbuttokeeptheclothfrom…”可知，此处应该是阻止手帕打开。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：小石头至少会把手帕推得比其他人的更远，当他们分开时，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛中。A.adjust调整；B.desert抛弃；C.encounter遭遇；D.drive驱使。结合投掷手帕比赛的要求并根据下文中的“…theclothatleastfartherthantheothers,…”可知，此处意为“使得手帕更远一些”，drive意为“驱使”符合语境。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：小石头至少会把手帕推得比其他人的更远，当他们分开时，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛中。A.growing生长；B.landing着陆；C.shooting射击；D.roaring咆哮。根据下文中的“inthegrass”可知，此处指的是小石头落到草地上。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我有很大的机会侥幸逃脱，但我不想通过作弊获胜。A.gettingaway脱离；B.fadingaway消失；C.doingaway离去；D.runningaway逃跑。根据上文中的“…peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrock____8____inthegrass.”可知，此处指的是没人注意的情况下，作者会侥幸逃脱，getawaywith意为“侥幸脱逃”符合句意。故选A项。【30题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：我开始把手帕绑在上面，让它变小。A.round圆形；B.heavy重的；C.big大的；D.cute可爱的。根据上文中的“Ihadtomakethehandkerchiefflylikearock.Ibegantyingthehandkerchiefarounditselftomakeit...”可知，作者这样做的目的是把手帕团成圆形的以便于在投掷时飞行的更远些。故选A项。【31题详解】第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我作为最后的参赛者走近投掷线时，人们已经笑了。A.line线；B.rock小石头；C.winner获胜者；D.punishment处罚。根据上下文语境和常识可知，投掷手帕比赛要有一条投掷线才能测量谁投的更远，所以作者是接近投掷线开始比赛。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：笑声突然大了起来。A.erupted爆发；B.followed跟随；C.grew成长；D.died死亡；消失。根据上文中的“WhenIapproachedthe____11____asthefinalcontestant,peoplewerealreadylaughing.”可知，在没有进行比赛的时候，人们就不看好作者，所以开始大笑起来，根据空前描述“Itookalongwind-up,andtheballedhandkerchiefrocketedoffmaybe60feetaway.”和下文中的“Thehoststaredatme…”可知，作者的投掷结果令大家目瞪口呆，所以笑声消失了。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：主持人盯着我，然后跑去检查我是否欺骗了大家。A.suspect怀疑；B.predict预测；C.examine检查；D.remind提醒，使想起。结合语境以及下文中的““It’sjustthehandkerchief,”hedeclared.”可知，主持人是去检查我是否作弊。故选C项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大人们鼓起了掌，我感到很自豪。A.ashamed羞愧的；B.stressed有压力的；C.cautious谨慎的；D.proud骄傲的，自豪的。根据上文中的“Theadultsapplauded…”以及上下文语境可知，作者对自己的表现感到自豪。故选D项。【35题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我想继续超越事物的表面看待问题。A.around在……周围；B.beyond超越；C.beside在……旁边；D.above在……上面。根据首段中的“____1____,thislifetimepassionwasawakenedbyacasualcontestwhenIwasachild.”以及第二段中的“Butitstirredmyloveofthinkingoutsidethe____3____.”可知，此处指的是作者超出事物表面，突破常规，创造性地思考问题。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheFIFAWorldCup2022kicksoffonSundaywithaceremonyattheAlBaytStadiuminthecityofAlKhor,50kilometresoutsideofQatar’scapitalDoha.EnnerValenciascoredtwofirst-halfgoalsasEcuadorbeathostsQatar2-0intheopeningmatch.It’sthefirsttimethatahostteam___36___(lose)theopeninggameoftheWorldCup.Even___37___ahometeamtocheerfor,ChinesefansandenterprisesremainenthusiasticabouttheQatarWorldCup.SupportfromChinahasalsocomein___38___moreconcreteway,withmostofthetournament’sstadiums,its___39___(accommodate)facilitiesanditsofficialtransportationsystem___40___(feature)contributionsfromChinesebuildersandproviders.Forexample,the80,000-seatLusailStadium,___41___isscheduledtohosttheeye-catchingfinalgame,wasdesignedandbuiltbyChinaRailwayInternationalGroupwithadvancedenergy-saving___42___(technology)andsustainablematerials.Besides,Doha’sfirsteverPandaHouse___43___(official)openedtothepubliconThursday.___44___(locate)atAlKhorParkneartheAlBaytStadium,thePandaHouseishometoChinesegiantpandas,three-year-oldfemaleSiHaiandfour-year-oldmaleJingJing.AndaccordingtoalistreleasedbyFIFA,ChineserefereeMaNingandtwo____45____(assist)第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

13referees,CaoYiandShiXiang,havebeenappointedtojudgeatthe2022FIFAWorldCup.【答案】36.haslost37.without38.a39.accommodation40.featuring41.which42.technologies43.officially44.Located45.assistant【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是2022年世界杯在卡塔尔成功举办，虽然中国队没能入围世界杯，但是这届世界杯“含中量”依然满满。36题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：这是第一次东道主在世界杯揭幕战上输球。分析句子可知，此处应填谓语动词，根据“itis+the+序数词+time+that+主语+谓语+……”结构中，从句中的谓语动词应使用现在完成时态可知，此处应使用现在完成时态，且从句主语为第三人称单数，与谓语之间为主动关系。故填haslost。【37题详解】考查介词。句意：即使没有主队可以为之欢呼，中国球迷和企业仍然对卡塔尔世界杯充满热情。分析句子可知，此空位于名词短语之前作状语，所以此处应填介词，结合语境可知，此处的hometeam指的是中国队，所以此处表示“没有”的意思。为故填without。【38题详解】考查冠词。句意：来自中国的支持也以更具体的方式出现，大多数赛事的体育场馆、官方交通系统和住宿设施都得到了中国建筑商和供应商的赞助。分析句子可知，此空后面为可数名词单数way，可数名词单数前应有限定词，所以此处应填冠词，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，且空后more首字母为辅音。故填a。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：来自中国的支持也以更具体的方式出现，大多数赛事的体育场馆、住宿设施和官方交通系统都得到了中国建筑商和供应商的赞助。分析句子可知，此处应填名词作定语，强调设施的属性与特征，accommodate的名词为accommodation，且作定语。故填accommodation。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：来自中国的支持也以更具体的方式出现，大多数赛事的体育场馆、官方交通系统和住宿设施都得到了中国建筑商和供应商的赞助。分析句子可知，此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，非谓语动词作宾补，feature与前面宾语之间为主动关系，表示当前的状态，所以使用现在分词。故填featuring。【41题详解】考查定语从句。句意：有8第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14万个座位的卢塞尔体育场是由中国铁建国际集团承建的，采用先进的节能技术和可持续材料，全球瞩目的卡塔尔世界杯足球决赛将在这里举行。分析句子可知，此处应填连词引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指的是LusailStadium。故填which。【42题详解】考查名词。句意：有8万个座位的卢塞尔体育场是由中国铁建国际集团承建的，采用先进的节能技术和可持续材料，全球瞩目的卡塔尔世界杯足球决赛将在这里举行。分析句子可知，此空位于形容词之后，且与空后的materials并列，所以应填名词，technology为可数名词，空前无限定词，与materials并列，再结合句意可知，此处应填名词复数。故填technologies。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：此外，多哈的第一家熊猫馆于周四正式向公众开放。分析句子可知，此处应填副词作状语修饰opened。故填officially。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：熊猫屋位于AlBayt体育场附近的AlKhor公园，是中国大熊猫，三岁雌性四海和四岁雄性晶晶的家园。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，locate与逻辑主语thePandaHouse之间为被动关系且表示已经发生，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Located。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：根据国际足联发布的名单，中国裁判马宁和两名助理裁判曹奕和石翔被任命为2022年FIFA世界杯的裁判。分析句子可知，此处应为名词作定语，说明referees的性质或特点，使用单数。故填assistant。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你的交换生好友Alice最近沉迷于抖音（TikTok），你非常担心她。请给她写一封邮件。内容包括：1.阐述玩抖音的危害；2.提出建议和解决办法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearAlice,IamworriedtoknowthatyoushouldbesoaddictedtoTikTokthesedays.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

15【答案】DearAlice,IamworriedtoknowthatyoushouldbesoaddictedtoTikTokthesedays.PlayingwithTikToktoomuchisbadforyourhealth.Besides,ifyouspendsomuchtimeonit,I’mafraidyouwillfallbehindyourclassmatessoonerorlater.Inmyopinion,youshouldfindsomethinginterestingtodoifyouwanttorelax.Forexample,takeawalkontheplaygroundwithyourfriends.Alternatively,youcanchatwithyourclassmates,whichwillcheeryouup.Itdoesn’tmeanthatTikTokshouldbecompletelyrefusedinourlife,butplayingtoomuchwillsurelyaffectourstudy.Iknowyouhaveastrongwillandyouareclever.Ibelieveyoucangetridofthisbadhabitquitesoon.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生好友Alice写封信，向她阐述玩抖音的危害，提出建议和解决办法。【详解】1.词汇积累有害：bebadfor→doharmto当然：surely→certainly落后：fallbehind→lagbehind摆脱，去除：getridof→ridoneselfof2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：PlayingwithTikToktoomuchisbadforyourhealth.拓展句：ItisbadforyourhealthifyouplaywithTikToktoomuch.【点睛】[高分句型1]Besides,ifyouspendsomuchtimeonit,I’mafraidyouwillfallbehindyourclassmatessoonerorlater.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句和that引导的宾语从句，省略了引导词that）[高分句型2]Alternatively,youcanchatwithyourclassmates,whichwillcheeryouup.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Afteraverymeaningfulconversationwithmydadabouttheolddays,wecameupwithanobjectthatwebothrememberedclearly.Itwasmyfirstbicycle.MymindtoldmeIgotitwhenIwasseven,whowascheatedtorideitforfiftyyardsalonethefirsttimeItried!Mydadputtogetherallthesmallpiecesofthebicyclefromabeautifulmaterialthathecalled,“Yourowncar.”OfcourseIknewhehadsomemagicalability,butIdidn’tthinkhecouldmakesuchanawesomeobject.Headdedtheseatandthepedals(脚踏板)sothatIwouldnothaveanyproblems.MydadrecalledthebicyclewasthesmallesthecouldfindwhileIrememberhowhugeitwas.IwassoafraidofitandtherewasnowaythatIwas第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

16goingtocontrolthatmonster-sizedmaterial.ThebicyclewasleftinmybackyardasadecorationforamonthbecauseIrefusedtorideit.Honestly,Iwasscaredtotryit.Afteramonth,mydadgavemealecturetoteachmewhatbeingamanwasallabout.Iwasfinallydeterminedtotryit.MydadwasproudofmeandIfeltverymanly.HeandIwenttotheparktoseewhatwecoulddothere.Theparkwasemptywhenwearrived.Ihadnodoubtthatmydadtoldeverybodynottobetherebecausewehadtouseit.Ifeltsorryforotherpeople,butIwasproudtohavesuchancapablepersonasmydad.Wefoundasmoothandopenspace.MydadwasholdingthebackpartoftheseattomakesureIdidn’tfell.HepromisedmethatIwasnotgoingtofallbecausehewouldberunningrightbehind,holdingthebicycle.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Istartedtopedalandthebicyclemoved.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iturnedaroundandfoundmydadwasnotbehind.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】ApossibleversionIstartedtopedalandthebicyclemoved.Asthewheelsrespondedbeautifullyandsmoothly,itwasforthefirsttimethatIfeltthissensationoffreewheeling.Carefullysteeringthebicycle,myheartthumpedasthebicyclewasaccelerating.Attemptingtobehavemanly,Isatstraight,pedalingandwonderingwhetherandwhenIcouldhandlethebikeonmyown.Minutestickedbybeforeithitmethatmydadwouldbewornoutafterfollowingmeforsuchalongdistance.“Dad,youcouldletgoifyouaretired.”Iyelled.Noresponse!Iturnedaroundandfoundmydadwasnotbehind.Mymindgoingblank,Iwasscaredoutofwits!IlandedontheroadandfelloffthebikebeforeIknewwherethebrakeswere.Luckily,Ionlygotsomescratchesonthekneesandelbows.Minuteslater,mydadcaughtupandcongratulatedmeonmybeingmanlyforcycling50yardsonmyown.Afterafewmorehours’practiceIlearnthowtopedal,steer,turnandbrakeproperly.Alittlefrighteningastheexperiencewas,Ifeltthejoyoflearningtodosomethingindependentlyandgratefulforthemeaningfulmemorywithmyfather.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和在和爸爸就过去的时光进行了一次非常有意义的交谈后，他们想出了一件他们都记得很清楚的东西。就是作者的第一辆自行车以及作者第一次骑自行车的经历。第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

17【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我开始踩踏板，自行车就动了。”可知，第一段可描写作者在爸爸的帮助下，作者骑走了自行车。但作者担心爸爸累，要求爸爸松手。②由第二段首句内容“我转过身，发现爸爸不在后面。”可知，第二段可描写爸爸想放开手让作者独自骑行，作者通过反复的练习，慢慢的开始会骑自行车了。2.续写线索：我骑走自行车——担心爸爸累——发现爸爸不在——我摔倒——爸爸教——反复练习——学会骑车3.词汇激活行为类①(心)怦怦跳：thump/pound②操控：handle/control/operate③转身：turnaround/turnback情绪类①害怕：scared/frightened②愉快：joy/pleasure③感激的：grateful/thankful【点睛】[高分句型1].Asthewheelsrespondedbeautifullyandsmoothly,itwasforthefirsttimethatIfeltthissensationoffreewheeling.（运用as引导的时间状语从句和强调句型。）[高分句型2].Attemptingtobehavemanly,Isatstraight,pedalingandwonderingwhetherandwhenIcouldhandlethebikeonmyown.（运用现在分词作状语以及whether和when引导的宾语从句。）[高分句型3].Minutestickedbybeforeithitmethatmydadwouldbewornoutafterfollowingmeforsuchalongdistance.（运用before引导时间状语从句以及that引导主语从句。）第18页/共18页学科网（北京）股份有限公司