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1、CohesionintechnicalEnglishTranslation学校学号姓名等目录1introduction32.Cohesion73.Classificationofcohesion124.ConceptsRelatedtoCohesion335TheRelationofCohesionandTranslation366TranslationStrategiesApplicabletoCohesiveDevicesinESTTranslation407Conclusions42Bibliography431.int
2、roductionWiththerapiddevelopmentofthescienceandtechnology,wearesituatedinaninformationexplosionage,andthescientifictextsconspicuouslyincreaseconveyingmoreandmoreinformation.Atextisaunitoflanguageinuse.Itisnotagrammaticalunit,likeaclauseorasentence;anditisnotdefinedb
3、yitssize.Atextissometimesenvisagedtobesomekindofsuper-sentence,agrammaticalunitthatislargerthanasentencebutisrelatedtoagroupandsoon:byCONSTITUENCY,thecompositionoflargerunitsoutofsmallerones.Butthisismisleading.Atextisnotsomethingthatislikeasentence,onlybigger;itiss
4、omethingthatdiffersfromasentenceinkind.AtextisbestregardedasaSEMANTICunit:aunitnotofformbutofmeaning.ThusitisrelatedtoaclauseorsentencenotbysizebutbyREALIZATION,thecodingofonesymbolicsysteminanother.AtextdoesnotCONSISTofsentence;itisREALIZEDBY,orencodedinsentences.I
5、fweunderstanditinthisway,weshallnotexpecttofindthesamekindofSTRUCTURALintegrationamongthepartsofatextaswefindamongthepartsofasentenceorclause.Theunityofatextisaunityofadifferentkind.Theconceptofatiemakesitpossibletoanalyzeatextintermsofitscohesiveproperties,andgives
6、asystematicaccountofitspatternsoftexture.Varioustypesofquestioncanbeinvestigatedinthisway,forexampleconcerningthedifferencebetweenspeechandwriting,therelationshipbetweencohesionandtheorganizationofwrittentextsintosentencesandparagraphs,andthepossibledifferencesamong
7、differentgenresanddifferentauthorsinthenumbersandkindsoftietheytypicallyemploy.Likeothersemanticrelations,cohesionisexpressedthroughthestratalorganizationoflanguage.Languagecanbeexplainedasamultiplecodingsystemcomprisingthreelevelsofcoding,or‘strata’:thesemantic(mea
8、nings),thelexicogrammatical(forms)andthephonologicalandorthographic(expressions).Meaningsarerealizedasforms,andformsarerealizedinturn(reco
