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1、CohesionintechnicalEnglishTranslation学校学号姓名等目录1introduction32.Cohesion73.Classificationofcohesion124.ConceptsRelatedtoCohesion335TheRelationofCohesionandTranslation366TranslationStrategiesApplicabletoCohesiveDevicesinESTTranslation407Conclusions42Bibliography431.introductionW
2、iththerapiddevelopmentofthescienceandtechnology,wearesituatedinaninformationexplosionage,andthescientifictextsconspicuouslyincreaseconveyingmoreandmoreinformation.Atextisaunitoflanguageinuse.Itisnotagrammaticalunit,likeaclauseorasentence;anditisnotdefinedbyitssize.Atextissome
3、timesenvisagedtobesomekindofsuper-sentence,agrammaticalunitthatislargerthanasentencebutisrelatedtoagroupandsoon:byCONSTITUENCY,thecompositionoflargerunitsoutofsmallerones.Butthisismisleading.Atextisnotsomethingthatislikeasentence,onlybigger;itissomethingthatdiffersfromasenten
4、ceinkind.AtextisbestregardedasaSEMANTICunit:aunitnotofformbutofmeaning.ThusitisrelatedtoaclauseorsentencenotbysizebutbyREALIZATION,thecodingofonesymbolicsysteminanother.AtextdoesnotCONSISTofsentence;itisREALIZEDBY,orencodedinsentences.Ifweunderstanditinthisway,weshallnotexpec
5、ttofindthesamekindofSTRUCTURALintegrationamongthepartsofatextaswefindamongthepartsofasentenceorclause.Theunityofatextisaunityofadifferentkind.Theconceptofatiemakesitpossibletoanalyzeatextintermsofitscohesiveproperties,andgivesasystematicaccountofitspatternsoftexture.Variousty
6、pesofquestioncanbeinvestigatedinthisway,forexampleconcerningthedifferencebetweenspeechandwriting,therelationshipbetweencohesionandtheorganizationofwrittentextsintosentencesandparagraphs,andthepossibledifferencesamongdifferentgenresanddifferentauthorsinthenumbersandkindsoftiet
7、heytypicallyemploy.Likeothersemanticrelations,cohesionisexpressedthroughthestratalorganizationoflanguage.Languagecanbeexplainedasamultiplecodingsystemcomprisingthreelevelsofcoding,or‘strata’:thesemantic(meanings),thelexicogrammatical(forms)andthephonologicalandorthographic(ex
8、pressions).Meaningsarerealizedasforms,andformsarerealizedinturn(reco
