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1、CohesionintechnicalEnglishTranslation目录1introduction32.Cohesion73.Classificationofcohesion124.ConceptsRelatedtoCohesion335TheRelationofCohesionandTranslation366TranslationStrategiesApplicabletoCohesiveDevicesinESTTranslation407Conclusions42Bibliography431.in
2、troductionWiththerapiddevelopmentofthescienceandtechnology,wearesituatedinaninformationexplosionage,andthescientifictextsconspicuouslyincreaseconveyingmoreandmoreinformation.Atextisaunitoflanguageinuse.Itisnotagrammaticalunit,likeaclauseorasentence;anditisno
3、tdefinedbyitssize.Atextissometimesenvisagedtobesomekindofsuper-sentence,agrammaticalunitthatislargerthanasentencebutisrelatedtoagroupandsoon:byCONSTITUENCY,thecompositionoflargerunitsoutofsmallerones.Butthisismisleading.Atextisnotsomethingthatislikeasentence
4、,onlybigger;itissomethingthatdiffersfromasentenceinkind.AtextisbestregardedasaSEMANTICunit:aunitnotofformbutofmeaning.ThusitisrelatedtoaclauseorsentencenotbysizebutbyREALIZATION,thecodingofonesymbolicsysteminanother.AtextdoesnotCONSISTofsentence;itisREALIZED
5、BY,orencodedinsentences.Ifweunderstanditinthisway,weshallnotexpecttofindthesamekindofSTRUCTURALintegrationamongthepartsofatextaswefindamongthepartsofasentenceorclause.Theunityofatextisaunityofadifferentkind.Theconceptofatiemakesitpossibletoanalyzeatextinterm
6、sofitscohesiveproperties,andgivesasystematicaccountofitspatternsoftexture.Varioustypesofquestioncanbeinvestigatedinthisway,forexampleconcerningthedifferencebetweenspeechandwriting,therelationshipbetweencohesionandtheorganizationofwrittentextsintosentencesand
7、paragraphs,andthepossibledifferencesamongdifferentgenresanddifferentauthorsinthenumbersandkindsoftietheytypicallyemploy.Likeothersemanticrelations,cohesionisexpressedthroughthestratalorganizationoflanguage.Languagecanbeexplainedasamultiplecodingsystemcompris
8、ingthreelevelsofcoding,or‘strata’:thesemantic(meanings),thelexicogrammatical(forms)andthephonologicalandorthographic(expressions).Meaningsarerealizedasforms,andformsarerealizedinturn(recorded)as
