2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识和能力双清专题13 必修三Unit1基础知识复习(译林版2020)

2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识和能力双清专题13 必修三Unit1基础知识复习(译林版2020)

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2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(译林版2020)专题13必修三Unit1基础知识复习必修三Unit1基础知识复习:1.单词词组搭配2.短语3.写作和范文欣赏-投诉信4.练习单词变形词组搭配harmn.伤害,损害vt.伤害,损害adj.harmful有伤害的adj.harmless无害的do/causeharmto=beharmfulto对…作出伤害ecosystemn.生态系统n.ecology生态;生态学adj.eco-前缀生态的;环境的adj.eco-friendly生态友好的maintainthebalance维持平衡regionn.地区,区域;行政区adj.regional地区的;区域的;一个海外区域oneoverseasregionlengthn.长,长度long→length→lengthen终于,最后;详细地,充分地atlength=indetaildiversifyv.使多样化adj.diverse多种多样的n.diversity多样化;差异性biodiversityn.生物多样性varietyn.不同种类;变化,多样性vary改变,变化adj.various各种各样的在A和B之间变化varyfromAtoB各种各样的various=avarietyof=varietiesof科网(北京)股份有限公司

1massn.大量;团,块,堆;一大群adj.大批的,广泛的大量的amassof/massesof+可数/不可数大多数themassof=themajorityof大众传播媒介massmediatoweringadj.高大的,高耸的;出色的towern.塔楼vi.高于;超过;胜过;远远超过towerover高于;超过survivevi.生存,存活vt.幸存,幸免于难n.survival幸存n.survivor幸存者靠...生存surviveonsth在地震/灾难中幸免遇难survivetheearthquake/disasterinturn相应地,转而;依次;轮流轮流taketurnstodosth=dosthinturnbreakdown分解;(机器)出故障;(谈判、计划等)失败breakinto强行闯入,撬开breakout爆发breakthrough突破;突围breakup分手;(关系)破裂breathelifeinto给…带来起色,注入活力thusadv.因此,从而;这样同义词:thereforedueto由于,因为同义短语:becauseof=asaresultof=onaccountof=owingto=becauseofbeduetodosth预计要做某事beduetosb应给予某人(钱或功劳)impactn.影响,作用vi.&vt.有影响对...(没)有影响have/makean/noimpacton科网(北京)股份有限公司

2extinctionn.灭绝,绝种adj.extinct不再存在的,已灭绝的dangerofextinction消亡危险damagevt.损害,伤害,损坏,破坏n.损害,伤害,损坏,破坏damage指部分性“破坏”“损坏”,可修复destroy指彻底、不能或很难修复的“破坏”“损坏”ruin指严重的“毁坏”,侧重破坏事物的内在价值对...造成损害do/causedamageto损害某人的健康名誉damageone'shealth/reputationbuildup逐渐增加,扩大增强对...的信心buildupone'sconfidenceinsthglobaladj.全球的;全面的adv.globally全球的;全局地;世界上n.globe地球;地球仪;球体n.globalization全球化全球变暖globalwarmingcallfor(公开)要求;需要callonsb拜访某人callsforourspecialconcern需要我们的特别关注applicationn.应用,运用;申请applyvt.应用vi.申请n.applicant申请人,应聘人beappliedto应用于...........applyfor申请.............absolutelyadv.绝对地,完全地;极其adj.absolute绝对的,至高无上的无上权力;绝对权威absolutepower/authoritytrackvt.&vi.跟踪,追踪n.足迹,踪迹;轨道;跑道铁路轨道railwaytracksentirelyadv.完全地,全部地,完整地adj.entire全部的,整个的;全体的entirelyagreewithyou完全同意你entirelyhappy十分开心getridof摆脱,丢弃,扔掉ridoneselfofsth去除某人某物科网(北京)股份有限公司

3protestvi.反对,抗议n.抗议,反对protestagainstthedecision抗议这项决定profitn.利润,收益;好处vi.&vt.获益,得到好处adj.profitable有利可图的;赚钱的;有益的adj.profitless无益的makeprofits赚取利润defencen.辩护;防御,保护;国防;防守v.defend保卫;防守adj.defensive自卫的;防御用的indefenceofourcountry保卫祖国processn.过程,进程;步骤,流程vt.加工,处理processedadj.被处理过的intheprocessof在..........过程中economicadj.经济的,经济上的n.economy经济;节约;理财n.economics经济学n.economist经济学者;节俭的人economicgrowth/development/reform经济增长╱发展╱改革policyn.政策,方针;原则strategyn.策略,行动计划adj.strategic战略上的,战略的n.strategist战略家;军事家militarystrategy军事战略economicstrategy经济策略recyclevt.回收利用,再利用adj.recyclable可回收利用的;可再循环的n.recycling(资源、垃圾的)回收利用formeradj.前任的;以前的thelatter后者theformer前者officialn.官员,要员官方公告╱决定anofficialannouncement/decision科网(北京)股份有限公司

4adj.公务的;正式的,官方的povertyn.贫穷,贫困;贫乏liveinpoverty生活于贫困之中poisonvt.污染;毒死n.毒物,毒药adj.poisonous有毒的;讨厌的n.poisoner投毒者;毒害者致命毒药deadlypoisonconsequencen.结果,后果;重要性adj.consequent随之发生的;作为结果的因此,结果asaconsequence因此asaconsequenceofgiveriseto导致rise-rose-risenvi.“上升,起来”arise-arose-arisenvi.“起因于,发生”raise-raised-raisedvt.“养育,提出”arouse-aroused-arousedvt.“唤起,激起”短语:onaccountof由于因为Don’tflatterourselvesonaccountofthevictoryovernature.takerevengeon报复;复仇Naturetakesitsrevengeonhuman.playarolein在。。起作用Itplaysasignificantroleinmaintainingthebalanceofecosystem.feedon以。。为食Theyfeedonatleast87species,includingfrogs.inturn反过来Thesefrogs,inturn,feedoninsects.breakdown分解Atinyarmyofmicroorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheearth.breathelifeinto带来活力;注入活力Theforestbreatheslifeintotheplanetsbyfixingcarbon.dueto由于因为17%oftheforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivities.affordto能承担付得起Canweaffordtodamagethelungsoftheplanet?haveanimpacton对。。有影响Therainyseasonhaveanimpactonthesoil.科网(北京)股份有限公司

5poor缺乏Whyisthesoilsopoorinnutrients.takeaway带走Whenwatergoesaway,ittakesawaythenutrientsinthesoil.buildup积累加强Duetothehotclimate,itisdifficultforthesoiltobuildupenoughnutrients.takein吸收Thenutrientsaresoontakeninbytherootsoftheplantsdeepbeneath.lockup锁住Mostnutrientsarelockedupintheplantthemselves.comeupwith想出Theycomeupwithcreativeideasonhowtosolvetheseproblems.callfor呼吁要求Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology.springto跃入(脑海)Whenyouthinkofafearsomehunter,imagesoflinesmayspringtomind.forinstance例如taketheexampleofanymore不再Idon’tenjoytheoutdooractivitiesanymore.getridof摆脱It’salsogivenmeacoughthatIcan’tgetridof.protestagainst反对Mrsmithprotestedagainstheavyindustry.tendto倾向于Peopletendtoconnectfactorieswithpicturesofcloudsofdirtysmoke.eagerto急于Irresponsiblebusinessmaneagertomakehugeprofit.indefenceof为。。辩护~thefactories,I’dliketopointoutthatwetrytocontrolthepollution.speakfor代表。。讲话IspeakforallfactorymanagerswhenIsaywe’redeeplyconcernabouttheenvironment.beconcernabout关心takemeasuresto采取措施We’vebeentakingvariousmeasurestoreducepollutionintheproductionprocess.behometo是。。的发源地Amazonrainforest,whichishometoawiderangeof科网(北京)股份有限公司

6wildlife.closetoextinction濒临灭绝Humanactivitieshavebroughtmanyanimalsclosetoextinction.foodchain食物链Whileasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvivehere,theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest’sfoodchainindangerof处在危险中Astheimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionbecomeslonger.goextinct灭绝Inthelast500years,over300speciesofanimalshavegoneextinctachieveabalancebetweenAandB达到。。之间的平衡Wehavetoachieveabalancebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopmentliftpeopleoutofpoverty使脱贫“Savingourplanet,liftingpeopleoutofpoverty,advancingeconomicgrowth……theseareoneandthesamefight.”largeamountof大量的Largeamountsofindustrialwastepoisonthewateraftertheyenterwaterbodiesgetmixedup混乱;混淆doharmto对.......有害Pollutedwaterbodiesnotonlydoharmtoanimalsandplantsgiveriseto使......发生;导致thepoorqualityofthelocaldrinkingwatergivesrisetopublichealthproblems.preventfromdoing阻止。。。做volunteerto自愿。。。做wecanvolunteertotakepartinclean-upactivities.写作和范文欣赏-投诉信一、投诉信基本步骤:1.写信投诉2.陈述要投诉的问题(可表达不偷快的心情)3.提出要求或补救的建议科网(北京)股份有限公司

74.收尾句二、文章开头(写信投诉):²IamwritingtocomplainaboutapairofshoesIbought/purchased/orderedfromyourwebsite.²Iamwritingtomakeacomplaintabout...²Iamwritingtoexpressmydissatisfaction/disappointmentabout...²Iamwritingtodrawyourattentiontotheawfulfactthat+句子²Iamsorrytosendthislettertoyoutoexpressmydisappointment.三、陈述要投诉的问题²Iamtotally/completelydisappointedtofindhat+句子(如:yousentmeapairofshoesofwrongsize.)²Therearesomeseriousproblemsthatdeserveyourcloseattention.Foronething,...;foranother,...²Therearesomeproblemswith...thatIwishtobringtoyourattention.First,.../Inaddition,.../Worsestill,...四、表达心情²Icanhardlyputupwith/bear/tolerateitanylonger.²Iamreallyannoyedaboutit.²Iamreallydisappointedbythequalityofthe...²Iamreluctant(不情愿的)tocomplain,butthisreallybothersme.²Ihatetohavetosaythis,but...五、提出要求或补救建议²Iwouldliketogetmymoneyback.或Ihavetoaskfor/demandclaima(full)refund.要求(全额)退款²Tosolvetheproblem,Idemand/requestthat......(should+do)²Inviewoftheinconveniencethatthishascaused,Ifeelyoushould....科网(北京)股份有限公司

8²Toimprovethesituation,itisadvisableforyoutotakethefollowingmeasure.²Toremedy(补救)thematter,Isuggestmakingthefollowingchanges.六、文章结尾²Itrustyouwilltakemycomplaintsseriouslyandsolvetheproblemassoonaspossible.²Irequestyoutobekindenoughtosolvetheproblemassoonaspossible.²Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldtakemyopinionintoconsideration.²Iwouldappreciateitifyouarekindenoughtosolvetheproblemassoonaspossible.²Icouldn’tbemoresatisfiedifyoucould........²Iwouldbehighlyappreciatedifyoucould.....²Iappreciateyourwillingnesstomakeupfortheloss.²Ihopeyouwillgivedueattentiontothismatter.²Ihopeyouwillkindlyinvestigatethismatter.【例题】假设你叫李华,最近在某英文购物网站上购买了一双鞋子,但出观了一些问题,请给该网站写一封投诉信。包括以下内容:1.写信的目的2.投诉内容(见下表)3.重新邮寄或退款4.若寄回,谁承担邮寄费?申购情况颜色黑色实际情况白色码数9到货日期4月10日8.54月20日科网(北京)股份有限公司

9【范文】DearSir.I’mwritingtocomplainaboutapairofsneakers.Irecentlypurchasedfromyourwebsite.WhatIorderedwasapairofblacksize9shoes,butbeyondexpectations,Ireceivedawhitepairsmallerbyhalfsizeinstead.Worsestill,itreallyannoyedmethattheshoeswhichshouldhavearrivedonApril10didn’treaduntilApril20.Fortheabovereasons,Idemandeitheranewpairofblacksize9shoesbesenttomeimmediatelyorIshouldbegivenafullrefund.Bytheway,ifIsendbackthewrongshoes,willyoucompanypaythepostage?Iwouldappreciateitifyouarekindenoughtosolvetheproblemassoonaspossible.LiHua单元练习单词适当形式填空1.BeingBettermeansagreaterchanceof______(survive).2.Thecauseofangerare_______(vary).3.Thisrulerisabouttwotimesthe______(long)oftheUnitedStates.4.The______(disappear)ofdinosaursiscausedbymanyfactors.5.Hewitnessesthe_______(extinct)ofthiskindofbirds.6.Theendingofthisbookis_______predictable.7.Ifheisawareofthemushroomsis_______,shewouldnotpickitback.8.As________consequence,theseschildrenaredeserted.【答案】1.survival2.various3.length4.disappearance5.extinction6.entirely7.poisonous8.a单词填空1.Hewastoldthathehadaonein500chanceof s__________(生存).科网(北京)股份有限公司

102.Thequalityofthestudents'workv_______(变化)considerably.3.Thisroomistwicethel_____ofthekitchen.4.Theplaneisd_______(消失)behindacloud.5.Thenumberofpeopleemployedin__________(农业)hasfalleninthelastdecade.6.Slaveryarenowalmoste_______(灭绝的)inmodernsociety.7.Thisbehaviourish________(有害的)toyourbodybecauseofitwilloveruseyourenergy.8.Thetrafficschedulewasputoffdue_____thebadweather.9.I_______(absolute)supportyouropinion.10.Howcanwedealwiththeproblem_______(cause)byanoffensivee-mail?11.Hedidn'tmakegreatprogressinhisstudy;onthecontrary,hishealthwash___becauseoflackingenoughsleep.12.Manyfirmsareconcentratingonincreasingtheirmarketso________.13.Thebookobviouslyhasanegativei________onthereaders,sodon'tletthemreadit.14.Theboatsankb________thewaveslastnight.15.Morepeoplechoosetoshopinasupermarketasitoffersagreatv________ofgoods.16.Thediscoveryofthenew________(大陆)isusuallyreferredtoColumbus.17.Thisroomistwicethe________(长度)ofthekitchen.18.The________(野生动物)atnightisverydangerous,soyouhavetobeextremelycareful.19.TheSiberiantigerisnottheonlyendangered__________(物种).20.Nowadays,________(大批的)unemploymentseemstobeafactoflifeintheUSA.21.Thestroke(中风)lefthisrightsidepermanentlyd________.22.SouthChinatigersareindangerofe________,sowehavetoprotectthem.23.Abalanceddietprovidesn________foryourbody.24.Withthethoroughdevelopmentofournationaleconomy,theproblemsofcountryside,peasants,anda________havebecomethekeyquestionineconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.25.Thejournalistinterviewedtheonlypassengerwhos________theaircrashlastnight.科网(北京)股份有限公司

1126.Hecouldnotaccustomhimselftothechangeable________(气候)inBritain.27.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpractically________(消失)fromtheYellowstonearea.28.Chinaissituatedinoneofthemostactiveearthquake________(区域)intheworld.29.Weplanttreeseveryyearsoastoprotectthe________(土壤)onthehill.30.Thegirlcouldlearnfromthe________(鲜活的)examplestoestablishasenseofsecurity.31.Weregrettoinformyouthatyoura________hasnotbeenapproved.32.Theproblemofg________warmingisserious.Asaresult,thesealevelshaverisenalittle.33.Mostvegetableswebuyinwinterareplanteding________.34.Mostofthefoodforthehomelessisprovidedbyavoluntary________(组织).35.SherememberedLucyasbeautiful,charming,and________(完全地;极其)delightful.36.Ofthetwopossibilities,thef________ismorelikelythanthelatter.37.AlthoughTimandMikecomefrome________differentbackgrounds,theybecomeclosefriends.38.________(居民)arecomplainingnowbecausetrafficintheareahasincreased.39.InthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplehavemovedoutof________(贫穷).40.Learningaforeignlanguagecanbealong________(过程).41.Greatsignificanceshouldbeattachedto________(保护)naturalresources.【答案】1.survival2.varies3.length4.disappearing5.agriculture6.extinct7.harmful8.to9.absolutely10.caused11.harmed12.overseas13.impact14.beneath15.variety16.continent17.length18.wildlife19.species20.mass21.damaged22.extinction23.nutrients24.agriculture25.survived26.climate27.disappeared28.regions29.soil30.living31.application32.global33.greenhouses34.organization35.absolutely36.former37.entirely38.Residents39.poverty40.process41.protecting科网(北京)股份有限公司

12单句语法填空1.Thequestion,________whichhereplied,wasnotsodifficulttounderstand.2.Couldyougivemeaboardmeasuring2metres________length?3.Aredlightisasignalofdanger,whichisevenknown________afiveyearoldchild.4.Whatimpactwillthishave________foodandfoodproductioninNorthChina?5.Withsomuchworkfillingmymind,Ialmostbreak________.6.Thenewcaristooexpensiveforus________(afford).7.Iwascloseto________(kill)theotherday.AcarpassedmeatwhatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.8.Cornproduction________(jump)nearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericeproductionhasincreasedonly7percent.9.Thecrowdgatheredtogethersotightlythatwecouldhardly________(breath).10.________(judge)fromhisexpression,hewassatisfiedwithmywork.【答案】1.to2.in3.to4.on5.down6.toafford7.beingkilled8.hasjumped9.breathe10.Judging七选五  Theimportanceofself-improvementoftengoesunnoticed.Truthis—youcan’trunawayfromyourself.Theideashouldbetofocusoncontinuousself-developmentateverystageoflife. 1 .   Increaseself-awareness  Thefirststepofself-improvementasksyoutobecomemoreself-aware.Self-awarenessisanongoingjourney.Aslifegoeson,youmeetwithdifferentexperiencesandchallenges. 2 .Tobeonthepathofself-improvement,it’simportanttoneverlosetouchwithyourself.   Improvestrengths  Self-improvementletsyouidentifyyourpersonalstrengths. 3 .Itgivesyouabetterunderstandingofwhatyouareseekingandwhereyouarelikelytothrive(繁荣兴旺).Ithelpsyousetlifegoalsandmakethemhappen.   Stepoutofthecomfortzone科网(北京)股份有限公司

13  Choosingtoworkonimprovingyourselfrequiresyoutostepoutofyourcomfortzone.Itletsyoufaceyourfears,trynewthings,andchallengeyourself.Therewillbetimeswhenyou’lldiscoveranewsideofyourpersonality. 4 .Don’tletfailuresgetyoufrustrated.Andnevergettoocomfortableinfamiliarspacesbecauselifebeginsoutsideyourcomfortzone.    5    Peoplewho’reinvestedintheircontinuousself-improvementcomewithanextremelypositiveattitudetowardslearning.Insteadofbeingignorantandescapingfromtheirproblems,theymakeitapointtolearnfromtheirmistakestogrowandsucceed.Thisisawonderfulqualitytohaveashavingalearningattitudeisinstrumentalinachievingsuccess.A.ImprovementalhealthB.DevelopalearningattitudeC.AndknowingyourstrengthsisimportantD.However,therewillalsobetimeswhenyou’llfailE.Theymakeyoumoreawareofyourpersonality,thoughtsandfeelingsF.Afterall,youcanonlyachievewhatyouwantwhenyouknowwhatyouwantG.Herearesomereasonswhyself-improvementisimportantregardlessofyourage【答案】GECDB【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了人们需要自我完善的几点原因。1.选G。上文说自我完善的重要性往往被忽视。而真相是你不能逃避它。空格引出话题——以下就是一些原因,无论你的年龄大小,自我完善都很重要。故选G。2.选E。选项中的they指代的就是上文的differentexperiencesandchallenges。随着生活的继续,你会遇到不同的经历和挑战。是它们使你更了解你的个性、思想和感情。故选E。3.选C。上文提到自我完善让你识别你的个人优势。由此可知,“了解你的优势很重要”切题。注意这里有同一个关键词strengths。故选C。4.选D。这里提到:然而,也会有你失败的时候。下文接着解释:不要让失败使你沮丧。上下文合乎逻辑,都讲的是失败时要怎样。注意关键词fail和failures。故选D。5.选B。本题要求选择段落标题。本段主要讲了那些致力于不断地自我完善的人,对学习有着极其积极的态度。所以,“培养学习态度”是最佳选项。故选B。科网(北京)股份有限公司

14阅读理解  Slowlybutsurely,we’removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.Fromsmart-homesecuritytoself-drivingcars,alltheInternet-connecteddevicesinourlifewillbeabletotalktoeachotheratlightning-fastspeedswithreduceddelay.Objectivelyspeaking,thefastest4GdownloadspeedsintheUStopoutatanaverageof19.42Mbps.Butbycomparison5Gpromisesgigabit(千兆)speeds.  “5Gisoneofthoseheralds(使者),alongwithartificialintelligence,ofthiscomingdataage,”saidSteveKoenig,seniordirectorofmarketresearchfortheConsumerTechnologyAssociation.“Theself-drivingvehicleisagreatemblemofthisdataage,andthatistosay,itisasignoftime,becausewithonesingletask,driving,youhavemassiveamountsofcomingfromthevehicleitself,andavarietyofsensorsarecollectingalotofinformationtomodelitsenvironmentsasitmoves.It’spullingindatefromothervehiclesaboutroadconditionsdownthelane.Itcouldbeweatherinformation,andalsoconnectedinfrastructure(基础设施)constructors.There’slotsofdatabehindthattask,whichiswhyweneedthehighspeed.  Andvirtualrealityglassesandheadsetshaven’tyetbrokenthemainstream,buttechcompaniesarejoyfullybettingthatthesedeviceswilleventuallyreplaceoursmartphones.With5G,thatcouldactuallyhappen.ThisisnotablebecausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orevenreplace—smartphones.  EricssonstatedatFebruary’sMobileWorldCongresshowsmartglassescouldbecomefasterandlighterwitha5Gconnection,becauseinsteadofbeingweigheddownwithcomponents,theglassescouldrelyonhardwareforprocessingpower.  Butdon’tgettooexcited.There’sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstruction,so5Gisn’tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Arightsecurityof5G.B.Thesuperspeedof5G.C.Apotentialdreamof5G.D.Thepresentworldof5G.【答案】B【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中“lightning-fastspeeds”和“gigabitspeeds”等词可推断出本段说的是5G的速度。2.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“emblem”inParagraph2?科网(北京)股份有限公司

15A.exhibitionB.explanationC.sponsorD.symbol【答案】D【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据所在句的句意,特别是下一句thatistosay,itisasignoftime即可猜出其含义与sign同义,故选D。3.Whatdosometechcompaniesexpectofvirtualrealityglasses?A.Theywillbeheavierthanpresentones.B.TheywillprocesspowerontheirownC.Theywillservepeopleinsteadofsmartphones.D.Theywillbringabigfortunetoteachcompanies.【答案】C【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段techcompaniesarejoyfullybettingthatthesedeviceswilleventuallyreplaceoursmartphones....smartphones.可知有些科技公司正在进行用AR眼镜代替手机的研究。4.Whatwilltheauthortellusinthenextparagraph?A.Howtofullyexpand5Gcoverage.B.Howtoeffectivelyreduce5Gtrials.C.Howtonicelyoperate5Ghardware.D.Howtowidelyconstruct5Gbigcities.【答案】A【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句即可推断出,他们不会只盯着大城市,他们会进行5G的覆盖面增扩的工作,向中小城市延伸。科网(北京)股份有限公司

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