2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识和能力双清专题18 必修三综合检测（译林版2020）

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2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（译林版2020）专题18必修三综合检测第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEvenforacivilizationasadvancedastheHarappan,aseconddroughtwasperhapsonetoomany.Theclimatedisastermaybewhatdrovetheancientsocietytodisappearstepby.TheHarappanstartedintheIndusvalleyaround5200yearsago,strongestaround2600BC.Muchaboutthemisunknown.Yetarchaeologicalremainstellthestoryofthepeople,skilledintradeandcityplanning,andparticularlygoodatcontrollingwater.Theirhugecities,completewithexcellentsystemsforundergroundwaterandpublicbaths,existedlongbeforetheRomanEmpire.Butby1900BC,theirsocietyseemedtobeonthefall,andby1300BC,theHarappancivilizationshadbrokendown.Severalideashavebeenputforwardtoexplainthedownfall,includinginvasionandclimatechange.Onerecentstudyreferstoamajordroughtinthenorthernhalfaround4200yearsago.ThiseventwasrecentlyconsideredasthestartoftheMeghalayanperiod.Itisthoughttohavebrokenupclimatesystemsaroundtheworld,includingthesummermonsoonrainfalltheHarappandependedon.NickScroxtonatUniversityCollegeDublin,Ireland,andhisteamarenowchallengingthisideaafterstudying10ancientrecords.Theyfoundsomefactsofasuddendroughtstartingaround4260yearsago.ThestudysuggeststheHarappanfacedasharpdecreaseinwinterrain.“Thecivilizationsuffered,that'sforsure,”saysScroxton.Butthatwasn'ttheendoftheHarappan.“Theirpoliticsmightchange,thecropsmightchange,thelocationoftheircitieschanges,buttheyadapt,”saysScroxton.Some300yearslater,however,justasthewinterrainswerestartingtorecover,ahottestdroughtkickedoff.Thiswasaslowingreductioninthesummonsoonrainsoverseveralcenturies.ScroxtonandhisteamsaythisseconddroughtchangedtheHarappanintoapoorsocietythatdisappearedatlast.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以哈拉帕文明为例，说明气候灾难可能是导致古代社会逐渐消失的原因，介绍了哈拉帕文明逐渐走向衰败的过程以及人们对此的研究发现。21.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThetradewiththeRomanEmpire.B.ThesiteoftheHarappancivilization.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1C.TheriseoftheHarappancivilization.D.ThesimilaritiesbetweenRomanandHarappan.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“TheHarappanstartedintheIndusvalleyaround5200yearsago,strongestaround2600BC.Muchaboutthemisunknown.Yetarchaeologicalremainstellthestoryofthepeople,skilledintradeandcityplanning,andparticularlygoodatcontrollingwater.Theirhugecities,completewithexcellentsystemsforundergroundwaterandpublicbaths,existedlongbeforetheRomanEmpire.(哈拉帕河大约在5200年前开始于印度河流域，最强大时期大约在公元前2600年。关于他们的很多情况都是未知的。然而，考古遗迹讲述了人们的故事，他们擅长贸易和城市规划，尤其擅长控制水资源。他们的大城市早在罗马帝国之前就存在了，拥有完善的地下供水系统和公共浴室)”可知，第二段主要说明了哈拉帕文明的崛起。故选C。22.HowdidNick'steamconductthestudy?A.Bytrackingtherainfall.B.Bymovingintothecity.C.Bybuildingclimatesystems.D.Byresearchingancientrecords.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“NickScroxtonatUniversityCollegeDublin,Ireland,andhisteamarenowchallengingthisideaafterstudying10ancientrecords.(爱尔兰都柏林大学学院的NickScroxton和他的团队在研究了10个古代记录后，正在挑战这一观点)”可知，Nick的团队通过研究古代记录进行的这项研究。故选D。23.WhatmayhavereallyendedtheancientHarappancivilization?A.Themonsoonrainfall.B.Doubleclimatedisaster.C.TheinvasionofRoman.D.Thechangeofthecities.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Some300yearslater,however,justasthewinterrainswerestartingtorecover,ahottestdroughtkickedoff.Thiswasaslowingreductioninthesummonsoonrainsoverseveralcenturies.ScroxtonandhisteamsaythisseconddroughtchangedtheHarappanintoapoorsocietythatdisappearedatlast.(然而，大约300年后，就在冬季降雨开始恢复的时候，一场最炎热的干旱开始了。这是几个世纪以来季风降雨总量的缓慢减少。斯克罗克斯顿和他的团队说，这第二次干旱把哈拉帕变成了一个贫穷的社会，导致最终的灭亡)”可知，季风降雨终结了古老的哈拉帕文明。故选A。BIt'softenhardtofindfamilyholidaysthateveryonewillenjoy.Cruises(海上航游)canbefun，butmayoffer学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2activitieseitherforsmallchildrenoradults，withnotmuchforteenagers.15yearoldJoshSandfordandhis13yearoldsisterRowenatookacruiselastyear，onashipcalledtheRega.“Beforeweleft，I'dspentageslookingatthebrochure(宣传册)，andalltheactivitiesonoffer，soIwasreallylookingforwardtoit，”saysJosh.“Whenwegoton，Icouldseetheyhadactivitiesthatteenagerscouldjoinin，sowecouldn'treallysaythebrochurewaswrong.Buttheywereabitboring—thingslikeoldmovieswe'dseenbefore.Iwishthere'dbeensomewhereforpeopleofmyagetojusthangouttogether.Myparentsreallyenjoyedit，buttheyweredisappointedthatwedidn't.”Josh'sparentshadalmostdecidedthey'dnevertaketheirfamilyonacruiseagainwhentheyheardaboutsomenewcruisesthatwerespeciallyforfamilieswithteenagers.SoearlierthisyeartheSandfordfamilysetoffagain，thistimeonashipcalledtheFlora.“WedidsometoursorganisedbytheFlorawhentheshipstoppedindifferentports(港口)，”saysJosh.“Wewentoffandexploredsomeoldruins.Iwasworriedit'dbeboring，butIhavetoadmittheruinswereactuallyquitecool.”“Thebiggestdifferencewastheactivitiesonboard，though，likeagreatgymandtwopools.Therewasafantasticrockclimbingwall，too，althoughlotsoftheteenagersonboarddidn'tseemtowanttotryit.Maybetheyweretooscared，asitwasreallyhigh.Butmysisterimmediatelymanagedtogetallthewayupit，soIjusthadtodothesame！”JoshandRowena'sfamilyhadsuchagoodtimeontheirlastcruisethatthey'rethinkingofgoingagain—infact，they'realreadysavingupforit!【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了15岁的Josh和家人参加的海上航游之旅。24．ItseemsthattheRega．A．providedwronginformationinthetravelbrochureB．didn'toffersatisfyingactivitiesforteenagersC．onlyprovidedactivitiessuitableforadultsD．didn'tsatisfytheneedsofJosh'sparents【答案】B　【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中Josh将自己在上船前看Rega的宣传册和上船后经历的实际情况对比可知，Rega没能提供令人满意的适合青少年的活动。25．AfterthetripontheRega，Josh'sparents．A．consideredgivingupcruiseholidays学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3B．startedtolookforadventurouscruisesC．foundithardtogetalongwithteenagersD．decidedtheywouldnevertakechildrenalong【答案】A　【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“Josh'sparentshadalmostdecidedthey'dnevertaketheirfamilyonacruiseagain”可知，在经历了Rega提供的海上旅行之后，Josh的父母准备放弃此类海上航游。26．WhatdidJoshthinkofthetoursorganisedbytheFlora?A．Hefoundthemalittleboring.B．Hedidn'tthinktheywerespecial.C．Hewassurprisedtofindheenjoyedthem.D．Hewasworriedthathisparentswouldn'tlovethem.【答案】C　【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Iwasworriedit'dbeboring，butIhavetoadmittheruinswereactuallyquitecool.”可知，Josh一开始担心Flora的那些游览项目无聊，然而最后他却非常喜欢。27．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Teencruises.　　B．Familyholidays.C．Difficultteenagers.D．Specialfamilies.【答案】A　【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了适合青少年的海上航游，第二段中的“theyhadactivitiesthatteenagerscouldjoinin”和第三段中的“newcruisesthatwerespeciallyforfamilieswithteenagers”是提示。CIfyoustoparandompersononthestreetinChina,there’saprettygoodchancethattheirsurnamewouldbeeitherWang,Li,Zhang,LiuorChen.That’sbecausethosearethefivemostcommonsurnamesinChina—sharedby30%ofthepopulation.Andthevastmajorityofthepopulationsharejust100ofthosesurnames.Incomparison,theUnitedStatesreported6.3millionsurnamesinits2010census.Thereareafewreasonsforthis:ChinaislessraciallydiversethancountriessuchastheUS,whereawealth学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4ofminoritygroupsincreasesurnamediversity(多样性).Italsohastodowithlanguage;youcan’tjustaddarandomstroke(音节)toaChinesecharacterandcreateanewsurname.Butthere’salsoanotherfactoratplay:technology.WithChinaroaringintothedigitalage,nearlyeverythinghasmovedonline—frommakingappointmentstobuyingtraintickets.ThemainproblemisthatnotallChinesecharactershavebeencodedintocomputersystems.Thatmeantaworldoftroubleifyouhappenedtohaveararecharacterinyourname.Asof2017,upto60millionChinesecitizensfacedthisproblem,accordingtoXinhua.Peoplewithrarecharactersintheirnames,whicharen’tcompatible(兼容的)withexistingcomputersystems,cangetleftbehind—pushingmanytochangetheirnamesforthesakeofconvenience,evenifitmeansabandoningcenturiesofheritageandlanguages.Totrytoaddressthis,expertshaveincreasedthedatabasefrom32,000charactersto70,000characters,accordingtothegovernment.They’restillworkingtoexpandittoincludemorethan90,000characters,saidChenJiawei,anassociateprofessoratBeijingNormalUniversity.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国汉语言文化中的姓氏文化。28.WhatcanbelearnedfromthecomparisonaccordingtoParagraph1?A.TherearefewercommonsurnamesinChina.B.Chinesepeoplelikesharingthesamesurname.C.TheUnitedStatesownsthemostsurnamesintheworld.D.6.3millionsurnamesinChinahavebeenshareduntilnow.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第二三句话“That’sbecausethosearethefivemostcommonsurnamesinChina—sharedby30%ofthepopulation.Andthevastmajorityofthepopulationsharejust100ofthosesurnames.”(这是因为这是中国最常见的五个姓氏，占总人口的30%。而绝大多数人的姓氏只有100个。)可推知，在中国普通姓氏较少。故选A。29.Whichonedescribessurnamediversityproperly?A.NewChinesesurnamesareeasytocreate.B.Surnamediversitytotallydependsontechnology.C.Minoritygroupscanincreasesurnamediversity.D.Surnamesincomputersystemsareregularlychanged.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“ChinaislessraciallydiversethancountriessuchastheUS,whereawealthofminoritygroupsincreasesurnamediversity”(与美国等国家相比，中国的种族多样性较低，在美国，丰富的少数族裔群体增加了姓氏的多样性。)可知，少数民族可以增加姓氏的多样性。故选C。30.Whatmayhappentopeoplewithrarecharactersintheirnames?A.Theywilllosetheirheritage.B.Theyhavetochangetheirnames.C.Theyshouldexpandthedatabase.D.Theymayupgradecomputersystems.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Peoplewithrarecharactersintheirnames,whicharen’tcompatible(兼容的)withexistingcomputersystems,cangetleftbehind—pushingmanytochangetheirnamesforthesakeofconvenience,evenifitmeansabandoningcenturiesofheritageandlanguages.”(名字中有罕见字符的人，与现有的计算机系统不兼容，可能会被抛在后面——迫使许多人为了方便而改名，即使这意味着放弃几个世纪以来的传统和语言。)可知，名字里有罕见字符的人可能不得不改名字。故选B。31.Whyhaveexpertsincreasedthecharacterdatabase?A.Tosaveheritageandlanguages.B.TokeepChinesetraditionalculture.C.Togivepeoplemorechoiceswhennaming.D.ToletusknowmoreChinesecharacters.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话“Totrytoaddressthis,expertshaveincreasedthedatabasefrom32,000charactersto70,000characters,accordingtothegovernment.”(为了解决这个问题，专家们已经将数据库从32000字增加到了70000字，根据政府的说法。)可知，此处this“这个问题”，应是倒数第二段中提到的“名字里有罕见字符”。由此推知，专家增加了字符数据库是为了人们在取名的时候有更多的选择，而不至于被迫改名。故选C。DEveryoneknowsbookingallyouraccommodationwiththesamehotelchainearnsloyaltypoints，whichcanbetradedforfreestaysandtheoccasionalbottlesofwine.Nowastudyshowsthattherecouldbeperformancebenefitstoo.Peopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundings.Thisisaphenomenonknowntopsychologistsasthe“firstnight”effect.Thisisbecauseifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnight，heorshetendstosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversityinProvidence，RhodeIsland，setouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6Dr.Sasakiknewthefirstnighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewasinwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators.Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamethingandfeelingtiredthenextdayasaresult.Totakeacloserlook，theteamstudied35youngandhealthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity'sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredeachtimewithneuroimagingtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Theirheartrates，muscleandeyemovementswerealsorecorded.Dr.Sasakifoundthat，asexpected，theparticipantssleptworseontheirfirstnightinthelabthantheydidontheirsecond，takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep，theparticipants'brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Morespecifically，onthefirstnightonly，theleftbraindidnotsleepasdeeplyastherightbraindid.Wonderingiftheleftbrainsindeedremainedawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment，Dr.Sasakirerantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeepsofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat，iftheleftbrainstayedalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment，thenitwouldreacttotherandombeepsbywakingpeopleupandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.Baseduponthesefeelings，Dr.SasakiarguesinCurrentBiologythatthefirstnighteffectisamechanismthathasevolvedtofunctionassomethingofaneurologicalnightwatchmantowakepeopleupwhentheyhearnoiseswhensleepinginanunfamiliarenvironment.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕着睡眠环境和研究者的调查内容与结论展开叙述，说明人的睡眠与睡眠环境很有关系。32．Whatpuzzledtheresearchersaboutthefirstnighteffect?A．Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.　B．Whatbenefitcanbegainedfromit.C．Towhatextentitcanaffectpeople.　D．Therelationshipbetweenitandcircumstances.【答案】B　【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thepuzzlewasinwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.(问题在于它能以何种方式让人受益)”可知，让研究人员困惑的是“初夜”效应会给人带来什么益处。故选B。学科网（北京）股份有限公司

733．Whendoingthenewresearch，Dr.YukaSasaki．A．conductedstudiesonyoungandoldpeopleB．gotsomeideasfrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphinsC．foundbirdsanddolphinshadnearlythesamesleepingpatternsD．foundhalfofbirds'anddolphins'brainsremainawakewhileasleep【答案】B　【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators.Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamethingandfeelingtiredthenextdayasaresult.”可知，她还从之前对鸟类和海豚的研究中了解到，这些动物每次会让一半的大脑处于睡眠状态，这样它们就可以休息，同时保持足够的警觉以躲避捕食者。这让她怀疑人们是否会因为做同样的事情而在第二天感到疲劳。由此可知，YukaSasaki博士在进行这项新研究时，从以前对鸟类和海豚的研究中得到了一些想法，故选B。34．WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshererantheexperience?A．Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectsofirregulartonesonbrains.B．Sherecordedtheparticipants'adaptationtochangedenvironment.C．Sheexposedtheparticipantstotwodifferentkindsofnoises.D．Shecomparedtheresponsesofmaleandfemaleparticipants.【答案】C　【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Wonderingiftheleftbrainsindeedremainedawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment，Dr.Sasakirerantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeepsofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.”可知，YukaSasaki博士想知道左脑是否真的保持清醒来处理从周围环境中检测到的信息，于是他重新进行了实验，同时让睡眠中的参与者在夜间同时听定时响起音调不变的嘀声，和随机响起音调各异的嘀声。由此可知，YukaSasaki博士在重新实验时，让参与者接触两种不同的噪音。故选C。35．WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?A．Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

8B．Theytendedtoregardirregularbeepsasathreat.C．Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.D．Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.【答案】B　【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Sheworkedoutthat，iftheleftbrainstayedalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment，thenitwouldreacttotherandombeepsbywakingpeopleupandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.”可知，Sasaki博士在实验中发现当人们在陌生环境中睡觉时，左半侧大脑保持清醒以警惕陌生环境，对随机发出的嘀声有所反应将人们从睡眠中叫醒，并且同时会忽略定时发出的嘀嘀声。可以推断出，人们会把随机发出的嘀声视作一个威胁。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoHaveaSuccessfulTeenageLifeEveryonewantstosucceedintheirlife，don'tthey?Evenasateenager，youcanachievesuccessinyourlife；itreallyisn'tthathard.36Dowellinschool.Nomatterhowboringitisnow，educationwillhelpyoubeaproductivememberinsociety.Tryyourbestforexcellenceinschool：listentotheteachers，doyourhomework，study，andgetgoodgrades.Doingsowillhelpyougetintoabetteruniversity，whichwillenableyoutohaveabrightfuture.37Dogoodinyourcommunity.Volunteeringcannotonlyimproveyourcommunity'sstatus，butitcanalsomakeyouhappier.Studiesshowthatpeoplewhovolunteerarelesslikelytodevelopdepressionthanpeoplewhodon't.38Forexample，ifyouloveanimals，volunteeratananimalshelter.Ifyouloveprotectingtheenvironment，planttreesorpickuplitter.Whenyouhelpothers，itwillmakeyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.39Remember，they'retheretohelpyoubethebestthatyoucanbe.Respectthemandvaluetheiropinions，eveniftheyannoyyousometimes.40Youdon'tgettochooseyourteachersoryourfamily，butyoustillhavetoputupwiththem.Learnhowtodealwithpeoplenow，becausewhenyou'reanadult，youdon'tgettochooseyourbossoryourcoworkers，solearnhowtorespectthemnow.A．Livelifetothefullest.B．Schoolsetsyouupontherighttrack!学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9C．Benicetoyourparentsandteachers.D．Findchancestodovolunteerworkthatinterestsyou.E．Itwillhelpyoupasstimeanddevelopyourpersonality.F．Herearesomeimportantpointsthatyoumayfindhelpful.G．Keepinmindthattheydothethingsbecausetheycareaboutyou.【答案】FBDCG【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述如何拥有一个成功的青少年生活。36．F　根据空格前一句“甚至作为一个青少年，你在生活中也能获得成功，它真的不是那么难”可知，下面要介绍方法。F项(这里有一些重要的建议，你可能会发现它们是有帮助的)符合语境。故选F。37．B　根据空格前的两句“在学校里尽你最大的努力听老师的话、做作业、学习并得高分。这样做有助于你上一所更好的大学，拥有一个美好的未来”可知，B项(学校会让你走上正轨)是对上文的总结。故选B。38．D　根据空格前一句“研究表明，不做志愿工作的人比那些做的人更容易患抑郁症”及空格后一句“例如，如果你喜欢动物，就在动物收容所做志愿者”可知，空格处的意思是：寻找机会做你感兴趣的志愿者工作。故选D。39．C　根据下文中的“尊重他们，珍惜他们的建议，即使有时候他们令你很烦”可知，空格处的意思是：要善待你的老师和父母。故选C。40．G　根据空格前一句“尊重他们，珍惜他们的建议，即使有时候他们令你很烦”可知，空格处的意思是：他们所做的一切是为你好，因为他们在乎你。故选G。第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIwasaboygrowingupinNewJerseyinthe1960s，wehada1deliveringmilktoourdoorstep.HisnamewasMr.Basille.Heworeawhitecapand2awhitetruck.Asa5yearoldboy，Icouldn'ttakemyeyesoffthecoin3fixedtohisbelt.He4thisonedayduringadeliveryandgavemeaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger.Ofcourse，hedelivered5milk.Therewascheese，eggsandsoon.Ifweneededtochangeour6，mymotherwouldpenanote—“Pleaseaddabottleof7nextdelivery”—andplaceitintheboxalongwith学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10theemptybottles.Andthen，thebuttermilkwouldmagicallyappear.Allofthiswasaboutmorethanconvenience.There8acloserelationshipbetweenfamiliesandtheirmilkmen.Mr.Basille9hadakeytoourhouse，forthosetimeswhenitwasso10outsidethatweputtheboxindoors，sothatthemilkwouldn'tfreeze.AndIrememberMr.Basille11takingabreakatourkitchentable，havingacupofteaandtellingstoriesabouthis12．Thereis13nohomemilkdeliverytoday.Big14allowedtheproductionofcheapermilk，thusmakingitdifficultformilkmentocompete.NowIalwaystalkofstoriesofmyboyhood，andofthemilkmanwhobroughtus15alongwithhismilk.【解析】作者在本文中讲述了自己童年时送牛奶的人不仅给他们送牛奶，还给他们带来了真挚的友谊的故事。1．A.milkman　　　B．postmanC．repairmanD．doormanA　根据该空后的“deliveringmilk”可知，答案应为A项。下文的milkman以及文章最后一句中的milkman均有提示。2．A.followedB．rodeC．droveD．pulledC　结合上下文，此处表达的是“他戴着一顶白色的帽子，开着(drive)一辆白色的卡车”。3．A.bagB．changerC．beltD．boxB　根据该段最后一句中的“coinchanger”可知，答案应为B项。coinchanger意为“自动换币器”。4．A.noticedB．watchedC．observedD．ignoredA　因为“我”的眼睛不能离开他腰带上的自动换币器，有一天他注意到了“我”的这个举动。5．A.otherthanB．ratherthanC．lessthanD．morethanD　根据后面的信息“Therewascheese，eggsandso学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11on.”可知，此处表达的是“他不仅仅送牛奶”，故答案应为D项。此处“morethan”意为“不仅仅”。6．A.attitudeB．billC．orderD．positionC　根据下文“Pleaseaddabottleof...”可知，此处表达的是“如果我们需要改变我们的订单(order)”。7．A.colaB．honeyC．coffeeD．buttermilkD　根据本段最后一句中的“buttermilk”可知答案。8．A.happenedB．existedC．appearedD．layB　结合上下文可知，此处表达的是“在我们的家人和送牛奶的人之间存在(exist)一种很亲密的关系”。9．A.evenB．neverC．yetD．thusA　根据下文中的信息“当天气非常寒冷时，我们把盒子放进室内，这样牛奶就不会冻结”。此处表达的应是“Basille先生甚至还有我们家的钥匙”。10．A.fineB．warmC．hotD．coldD　根据下文中的“...sothatthemilkwouldn'tfreeze”可知，此处应用cold表示“当天气寒冷的时候”。11．A.onoccasionB．asusualC．onscheduleD．intimeA　Basille先生偶尔在我们厨房中休息一下，喝杯茶。onoccasion偶尔。12．A.backgroundB．effortC．deliveryD．familyC　此处表达的是“我记得Basille先生有时会在厨房的桌旁休息一会儿，喝杯茶，给我们讲述他送牛奶的一些故事”。13．A.accidentallyB．sadly学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12C．cheerfullyD．fortunatelyB　根据下文可知，此处宜用B项表达作者对于现在没有往家里送牛奶的人的现实感到很伤感。14．A.farmsB．companiesC．storesD．marketsB　结合常识可知，生产牛奶的自然是“大公司”。15．A.wealthB．friendshipC．newsD．foodB　此处表达的是“我就告诉他们我童年的故事以及送牛奶的人不仅给我们送牛奶，还给我们带来了真挚的友谊的故事”。第三段中的“...acloserelationshipbetweenfamiliesandtheirmilkmen”也有提示。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。   DragonHeads-raisingDay,______1_____fallseachyearontheseconddayofthesecondlunarmonth,isoneoftheChinesetraditionalfestivalsastheproverbgoes:“Thedragonisawake,______2_____(raise)hishead.”Onthisday,dragons,aprominenttotem(图腾)inChineseculture,raise_____3_____(they)headswiththesoundofthunder.Aroundthistime,theearth____4_______(burst)withlife—grassandtreesarebeginningtoshootup.InancientChina,people_____5______(pray)thedragongodbesideariveroralakeforthepreciousspringraintobreedtheircrops.______6_____(tradition),foodeatenonthisdaywasrenamedafterpartsofthedragon.Forinstance,wontons(馄饨)werecalled“dragons’eyes”.Thespecial______7_____(food)usuallyeatenonthisdayincludedragons’scales,popcornandpigs’heads.   InShanxi,peoplehavetheirhair_____8______(cut)inasymbolicmovetoremovetheoldandembracethenew.In______9_____countrysideinHebeiProvince,peoplewouldfetchwaterfromawellatdawn.Itwasbelieved_____10______onthisdaythewellwasfullofdragoneggswhichwouldbringthecollectorsgoodharvest.【答案】1.which2.raising3.their4.isbursting5.wouldpray/prayed6.Traditionally7.foods8.cut9.the10.that【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了农历二月二时中国的传统风俗。1.which考査定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为"DragonHeads-raisingDay",空处在从句中作主语,故用which引导该定语从句。学科网（北京）股份有限公司

132.raising考查非谓语动词。该句主语“Thedragon"和动词raise之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,在此处作伴随状语,故用其现在分词形式。3.their考査代词。空处修饰后面的名词"heads",故用形容词性物主代词their,表示"它们的头"。4.isburning考査固定用法。根据常识并结合语境可知,大概就是这个时候,大地生机勃勃。此处考査固定用法beburstingwithsth.,表示"充满某物”;且该句主语为"theearth",为第三人称单数,且此处叙述的为客观情况,故谓语动词用is。故填isbursting。5.wouldpray/prayed考査动词的时态。该处表示在古代人们在二月二将要做的动作,故用过去将来时;根据该句的时间状语"InancientChina"可知,该处陈述的是发生在中国古代的事情,故也可用一般过去时。6.Traditionally 考査副词。空处修饰整个句子,故用traditional的副词形式。7.foods考査名词的单复数。根据该句中的"includespringpancakes,jiaoziandpigs’heads"可知,这一天人们吃多种食物,且谓语动词"include"为复数,故空处用food的复数形式。8.cut考査固定用法。分析该句结构可知,此处考査固定用法getsth.done,表示"使某事发生"。9.the考査冠词。根据语境可知,该处特指“河北的乡下”,故用定冠词the。10.that考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句中的“It"为形式主语,真正主语是空处引导的主语从句;且该从句为陈述句,故用that引导该主语从句。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文(满分15分)假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike来信说对中国汉字很感兴趣。想要了解更多汉字的知识。就此请你用英语给他写一封回信。主要内容包括：1.汉字的发展简史：(Atthebeginning...Astimewentby...ItwasEmperorQinshihuang...Nowadays...)2.汉字的重要意义。(connect...with/haveaconnectionwith;thenumberof…)注意：1.词数120词左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】DearMike,Iamdelightedtohearthatyou’reinterestedinChinesecharacters.I’mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutthedevelopmentofChinesecharacters.Atthebeginning,Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusedtohelppeople学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14rememberthings.Astimewentby,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystem.ItwasEmperorQinshihuangthatmadethewrittenscriptstandardizedinform.Nowadays,ChineseisoneofthemostimportantlanguagesintheworldandmorepeopleareinterestedinChinesecharacters.Inrecentyears,Chinesehasarousedagreatattentionallovertheworld.ChinesecharactersconnectChinawiththeworld.ThenumberofpeoplewholearnChinesecharactersisincreasing.Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。TyraWinterswasahighschoolstudentinTexas.Oneday，shewasmarchingtowardsherhomeaftertheschoolday.Assheslowlymadeherwaydownthestreet，the17yearoldwasenthusiasticallyplanningthecomingweekendpartywithherbestfriends，thinkingofallthemusic，laughter，andexcitement.Allofasudden，ahorrificscreamwasheardinthestreet.Turningback，Winterssawaboyabouttwoyearsoldlyingonthesidewalk.Andhiswildmotherwasbeggingforhelp.“Someonehelpme，someonehelpme”．Thelittleboy，ClarkeHornback，ashismothertold，hadbeensuckingonapieceofcandywhenitsliddownthebackofhismouth.Itwasstuckinhisthroatandblockedhiswindpipe(气管)．Clarke'sfacewasbrightred.“Therewasnocoughing；therewasnobreathing！”Clarke'smother，NicoleHornbackcriedingreatpanic.Thecrowdssoongatheredaroundthepoorboyandthemother.Theboywasjustgasping(喘气)forair.Nooneseemedtoknowhowtohelp.ExceptforWinters，whohadalwayshaddreamsofbecomingasurgeonforchildren!Shehadlearnedthefirstaidknowledgefortreatingchoking.Itwastimeforhertosavetheboy'slife.Knowingthattheclockwasticking，sherantothechild.注意：1.续写短文的词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。BythetimeWintersgottoClarke，theboy'sfacehadtunedpurple.ItallhappenedsofastthatNicoleevenhadnotimetothankthegirl.【答案】BythetimeWintersgottoClarke，theboy'sfacehadtunedpurple.“Igothim！”sheyelledtoNicole学科网（北京）股份有限公司

15asshegrabbedtheboyfromher.“Itiltedhimandgaveagoodthreebackthrusts，”shetoldthelocalCBSstation.Soon，theboycoughedupthepieceofcandy，gasped，andbeganbreathingagain.Withoutanotherword，WintershandedClarkebacktohismotherandranbacktoherfriendsbeforetheyleftherbehind.ItallhappenedsofastthatNicoleevenhadnotimetothankthegirl.Winters'sheroicactionsleftNicolespeechless.“Idon'treallyhaveanywords，”shesaid.“Thewordsthatyouwouldsaytoanyonewhodoessomethingforyouis‘thankyou.’Butthatdoesn'tseemgoodenough.”Finally，withthehelpoftheonlinemedia，theyfoundthewarmheartedgirl，WintersandNicolethankedherinperson.学科网（北京）股份有限公司