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1、JournalofAppliedResearchinMemoryandCognition1(2012)51–52ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectJournalofAppliedResearchinMemoryandCognitionjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jarmacCommentaryTrainingcognition:Parallelswithphysicalfitness?FergusI.M.Cr
2、aik∗,NathanS.RoseRotmanResearchInstituteatBaycrest,Toronto,CanadaarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received14December2011Accepted22December2011Availableonline4January2012Keywords:TrainingCognitionMemoryAgingCognitivereserveIntheirarticleonmemorytraining,McDanielandBug
3、g(2012)trainingmethodstogetherwithmoreprocess-basedtrainingpro-firstcriticizetheideathatanytypeofmemorytrainingwillgen-cedures,wefeelitisimportanttodistinguishbetweenapproacheseralizetoallothertypes;thenotionthatmemorizingpoemsorthatattempttorestorefunctionasop
4、posedtocompensateforitsspeechesfromplayswillimproveaperson’smemoryfornamesorabsence.Althoughithassofarprovendifficulttorepairtheneu-numbers,forexample.Westronglyagreewiththiscriticism.Cog-robiologicalchangesthatunderlieage-relateddeclinesinmemory,nitiveprocesse
5、sresemblephysicalskillsinmanyrespects,andfewcircumventingthesedeficienciesbyrelianceonone’sexpertiseorpeoplewouldexpectthathoursoftennispracticewouldimprove‘scaffolding’newlearningbyembeddingitinwithinfamiliarcon-theirgolfgame,oreventhatputtingpracticewouldimpr
6、ovedriv-textsmaybeaneffectivelinetopursue.ingoffthetee.Memoryisnotonemonolithicfaculty.TheauthorsItiscurrentlyunclearwhethershort-termtrainingprogramscanofthetargetarticlethengoontoadvocatetrainingmethodsthatproduceanysignificantlastingeffectsthatarebothmeasura
7、bleinemphasizemorespecificaspectsofmemoryperformance,suchthelaboratoryandmeaningfulintherealworld.Thisisbecauseasprospectivememory,retrievalandrecollection.Weagreethatmanytrainingstudiesarefraughtwithproblemssuchassmallthiswouldbeextremelyvaluable,butaresomewha
8、tskepticalthatsamplesizes,alimitedtargetpopulation(e.g.,onlyyoungadults,wellattestedmethodsexistatpresent(seeReichman,Fiocco,&onlyhealthyolderadults),apoorcontrolgroup(e.g.,ano-con
