资源描述：
《33. liberty rights and the limits of liberal democracy 34. human rights without the human good a reply to jiwei ci》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、33LibertyRightsandtheLimitsofLiberalDemocracyJiwei CiLibertyrightsarefirstamonghumanrights,bothinorderofinventionandinimportanceusuallyascribed.Theybeginlife(ortheirfirstlife)asliberalrights,rightsenjoyedbymembersofliberalsocieties,andcometobetreatedashumanrightsthroughextensiontothei
2、nternationalarena.Thuslibertyrightshaveadou-bleidentityandaredoublyambitious: asliberalrights,theycreate,legitimate,andintensifythedesirecharacteristicofmembersofliberalsocietiesfornothinglessthansomeformofself-determination;ashumanrights,theygeneralizewhatorigi-nallywasaculturallypar
3、ticulardesireintoauniversalhumanaspirationworthyofthestrongestprotection.Asacommittedandpreciselyforthisreasonuneasybelieverinlibertyrightsor,moreprecisely,inmanyofthethingslibertyrightsaresupposedtomakepossible,I wanttoseehowwelllibertyrightsliveuptothesetwoambitionsandwhatlessonswec
4、andrawiftheyfallshort.Byconsideringlibertyrightsintheirdoubleidentity,I hopeespeciallytoarriveatacriticalappraisaloflibertyrightsashumanrightsthatwouldbedifficulttoreachbyattendingtolibertyrightsashumanrights alone.I.LibertyRightsasHuman RightsItseemsappropriatetostartfromwhatstrikesm
5、easadeepcontradictioninthecon-ceptofhumanrights,especiallylibertyrightsasasubsetofhumanrights.Thecon-tradictionliesbetweentheuniversalismandsupposedminimalismofhumanrights,ontheonehand,andthefactthathumanrights—againI haveinmindlibertyrightsinparticular—arenotnecessaryconditionsforhum
6、anbeingstolivewhatisnormallyandreasonablyrecognizedasahumanlife,ontheother.I callthelatterafactbecausepeopleindifferenttimesandplaceshaveledhumanlymeaningfulandworthwhileliveswithoutanythinglikelibertyrights.I amnotdenying(noratthispointaffirm-ing)thatahumanlifewithouttheprotectionofl
7、ibertyrightsisonethatwouldbecomebetterwithsuchprotection,butonlysayingthatlibertyrightsimposeonhumanlifeastandardthatgoesbeyondwhathumanbeingsstrictlyneedinordertoliveahumanlymeaningfulandworthwhilelife.Inthissignificantsense,itisamistaketoconsidertheconceptofhumanrightsminimalist,atl
8、eastw
