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时间:2021-04-14
《最新Chapter7 Behavioral and Social Cognitive Approaches教学讲义ppt课件.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter7BehavioralandSocialCognitiveApproachesBehavioralandSocialCognitiveApproachesWhatIsLearning?WhatLearningIsandIsNotApproachestoLearningBehavioralandCognitiveApproachestoLearningLearningisarelativelypermanentinfluenceonbehavior,knowledge,andthinkingskills,whichcomesaboutthroughexper
2、ience.ClassicalConditioningClassicalConditioningPrinciplesUCSUCRAutomaticallyelicitsaresponseResponsetoUCSCSCRPreviouslyneutralstimulusResponsetoCSAcquisitionThelearningofaresponsetendencybypairaunconditionedstimulus(UCS)withaNeutralstimulusClassicalConditioningPrinciplesGeneralizationTh
3、etendencyofanewstimulussimilartotheoriginalconditionedstimulustoproduceasimilarresponse.DiscriminationTheorganismrespondstocertainstimulibutnotothers.ExtinctionTheweakeningoftheconditionedresponse(CR)intheabsenceoftheunconditionedstimulus(UCS).SystematicDesensitizationReducesanxietybyget
4、tingtheindividualtoassociatedeeprelaxationwithsuccessivevisualizationsofincreasinglyanxiety-producingsituationsPattydoespoorlyonamathtest.Thismakesherfeelanxious.Fromthatpointon,shealwaysbecomesanxiouswhentakingamathtest.Astheschoolyearprogresses,shebeginsexperiencinganxietywhenshehastes
5、tsinothersubjectareasaswell.Pavlov’sClassicalConditioningTheoryintoPracticeSkinner’sOperantConditioningBehavioriscontrolledbyitsconsequences.Reinforcementincreasestheprobabilitythatabehaviorwilloccur.Punishmentdecreasestheprobabilitythatabehaviorwilloccur.Punishmentvs.ReinforcementTYPECO
6、NSEQUENCEBEHAVIORCHANGEReinforcementPositivePresentPleasantincreaseNegativeRemoveUnpleasantincreasePunishmentNegativeRemovePleasantdecreasePositivePresentUnpleasantdecreaseOperantConditioningPrinciplesPreviouslyreinforcedresponseisnolongerreinforcedandtheresponsedecreases.ExtinctionDiffe
7、rentiatingamongstimuliorenvironmentalevents.DiscriminationGivingthesameresponsetosimilarstimuli.GeneralizationNickfrequentlygetsoutofhisseatandentertainshisclassmateswithhumorousremarks.Mr.LincolnoftenscoldsNickforhisbehavior.However,Nick’sclassmateslaughwhenNickmakesrem
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