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1、最新21前庭蜗器-药学医学精品资料前庭蜗器(Vestibulocochlearorgan)又称耳ear,包括前庭器和听器两部。前庭蜗器外耳中耳内耳收集和传导声波听感受器位觉感受器感受声波刺激感受头部位置变化、重力变化和运动速度的刺激为附属器按部位点击链接前庭蜗器全貌图January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG右侧前庭蜗器全貌January,200
2、7Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG二、外耳道外耳道(externalacousticmeatus)是从外耳门至鼓膜的管道,成人长约2.0-2.5cm。约呈“S”形弯曲,从外向内,先趋向前上,继转向后,最后向前下方。◆外侧1/3为软骨部,与耳廓的软骨相续;◆内侧2/3为骨性部,由颞骨鳞部和鼓部围成的椭圆形短管。January,2007Copyright©Depa
3、rt.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG三、鼓膜鼓膜(tympanicmembrane)位于外耳道与鼓室之间,是椭圆形半透明的薄膜。(在中耳鼓室外侧壁中详述)January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG第二节中耳中耳(middleea
4、r)大部分位于颞骨岩部内,为含气的不规则小腔隙,由鼓室、咽鼓管、乳突窦和乳突小房组成。◆向外借鼓膜与外耳道相隔;◆向内与内耳相毗邻;◆向前借咽鼓管通向鼻咽部。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG一、鼓室鼓室(tympaniccavity)是位于颞骨岩部内的含气的不规则小腔。有6个壁,内含听小骨、韧带、肌、血管和神经等。January,200
5、7Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG鼓室有六个壁:外侧壁、上壁、下壁、前壁、内侧壁和后壁(一)鼓室的壁January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG①外侧壁:又名鼓膜壁,大部分由鼓膜构成;鼓膜以上的空间
6、为鼓室上隐窝,此为外侧壁的骨性部。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG鼓膜(tympanicmembrane)位于外耳道与鼓室之间,是椭圆形半透明的薄膜,与外耳道底呈45°-50°的倾斜角,小儿鼓膜更倾斜,几乎呈水平位。周缘大部分附着于颞骨鼓部和鳞部的鼓膜沟。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,Scho
7、olofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG右侧鼓膜◆鼓膜脐◆锤骨前襞◆锤骨后襞◆松弛部◆紧张部◆光锥January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG鼓膜分三层:外层——复层鳞状上皮层,与外耳道皮肤相续;中层——纤维层,松弛部无此层;内层——粘膜层,与鼓室粘膜相续。Jan
8、uary,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG②上壁:又称盖壁,由颞骨岩部前外侧面的鼓室盖构成,分隔鼓室与颅中窝。盖壁向后延伸形成乳突窦的上壁。中耳疾患侵犯此壁时可引起耳源性颅内并发症。January,2007Copyright©Depart.A