【素材】M2文章MedicalProblemsoftheDevelopingCountries(外研社)-1.docx

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1、MedicalProblemsoftheDevelopingCountriesTherecanbenoimmediatesolutiontothemedicalproblemsofthedevelopingcountries.Prioritiesaredemanded,anditmustbeacknowledgedthatinallocationofmedicalprioritiescertaincompromisesarerequired.Itcanbehopedthattheleastdetrime

2、ntalcompromiseswillbeselected.Carefulplanningofhealthservicesandalsooftrainingprogramsforvariousmedicalpersonnelmustnotrelyonwhatexistsindevelopedcountries,becausethosefacilitiesandprogramsmaybecompletelyinappropriatetoothersituation.Atthesametimeasinroa

3、dsaremadeintothepreventableconditionswhichnowclaimthousandsofyounglives,programsofbirthcontrolandimprovementofagriculturalmethodsmustbeemphasized.Thereducedmorbidityandmortalitywhichresultsfromimmunizationagainstchildhoodinfectiousdiseases,smallpox,andtu

4、berculosismustbeborneinmindinoverallplanningforschoolsandgeneralhealthservices.Inexpensiveandpracticalprogramsthatcouldbemanagedbymedicalpersonnelwhoarenothighlytrainedshouldbeconsidered.Asthebenefitsoftechnicaldevelopmentgraduallyreachtheurbanizingpopul

5、ationlivingunderpoorsocialandhygienicconditions,changesinthediseasepicturemustbeanticipated.Thoseinvolvedwithplanningandtrainingmustunderstandvariousculturalinfluencessothatthetransitionperiodcanbemadeaspainlessaspossible.CertainseeminglyattractiveWester

6、nproceduresshouldbeguardedagainstiftheyarenotpractical.Forinstance,acommontendencyistobuildlargemodernhospitalsthroughoutthelandwithdisregardforthefactthatthesehospitalscannotpossiblybestaffed,equipped,ormaintainedbecauseofshortagesoftrainedpeopleandavai

7、lablefunds(14).Thishasbeencalledan"edificecomplex"andisunfortunatelyfoundinmanydevelopingregions,stimulatedoftenbyill-consideredadvicefromoverseasexperts.Atthesametimeasmedicalservicesarebeingimproved,itisextremelyimportanttodocumenttheimprovementsbymean

8、sofcarefullyrecordedstatistics.Guidanceinnecessarymethodsfordocumentationshouldbesoughtearlyinthedevelopmentofmedicalcare(15).Obviouslyitisvitaltodeterminewhatandwherethemajormedicalproblemsaresothatprogramswillbedesignedt