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ID:59868848
大小:2.77 MB
页数:146页
时间:2020-11-26
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1、语言学知识点I语言学导论II语言学主要分支学科III语言学的流派和理论1.designfeatureoflanguage(语言的定义特征)definingpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication1.designfeatureoflanguage语言定义特征1)Arbitrariness(任意性)2)Duality(二层性)3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性)4)Displacement(移位性)5)CulturalTransmission(文化传递性)1)A
2、rbitrariness(任意性):定义:theformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.举例:书,book,livre喜欢,like,aimer2)Duality(二层性):定义:thepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevel.举例:Sounds>syllables>words>phrases>clauses>sentences>tex
3、ts/discourses3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性):定义:Languagecanbeusedtocreatenewmeaningsbecauseofitsduality举例1:/k/,/a:/,/p/----carporpark举例2:England,defeated,FranceEnglanddefeatedFrance.FrancedefeatedEngland.4)Displacement(替代性):定义:Humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizesomethingwhicharenotpresentatthe
4、momentofcommunication.5)CulturalTransmission(文化传递性):定义:languageispassedonfromgenerationtogenerationthroughteachingandlearningratherthaninstinct.反例:印度狼孩3.Designfeature定义特征1)Arbitrariness(任意性)2)Duality(二层性)3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性)4)Displacement(移位性)5)CulturalTransmission(文化传递性)如何记忆:五性,创意遗传4.Imp
5、ortantDistinctionsinLinguistics(语言学研究中几对重要的概念)1)descriptive&prescriptive2)synchronic&diachronic3)langue&parole4)competence&performance1)Descriptive(描述性)vs.Prescriptive(规定性)Descriptive:describinghowthingsare.prescriptive:prescribinghowthingsoughttobeImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics举例:Don'tsayX.Peo
6、pledon'tsayX.Thefirstisaprescriptivecommand,whilethesecondisadescriptivestatement.2).Synchronic(共时性)vs.Diachronic(历时性)synchronic:takesafixedinstantasitspointofobservation.diachronic:thestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.举例:研究1800年的英语发音Synchronicstudies(共时性研究)研究1800-1900的法语语法变化Diachronicst
7、udies(历时研究)2.世界语言分类2.世界语言分类ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics3).langue(语言)&parole(言语)Theorist:Saussure(索绪尔),fatherofmodernlinguisticslangue:abstractlinguisticsystemparole:actualrealizationoflangueImportantD
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