英语语言学第二章讲课PPT.ppt

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1、Chapter2Phonetics＆Phonology1.Inroduction(1)Phoneticsandphonologyareveryuseful.Withsomephoneticknowledgewecangiveamuchmoreprecisedescriptiontospeechsounds.Andwithsomephonologicalknowledgewecanbecomemoreawareofthefunctionsofsoundsindifferentlanguages.Mor

2、eimportantly,phoneticsandphonologyhavemadethegreatestcontributionto“teaching”machinesto“talk”.(2)Linguisticsisonlyinterestedinspeechsounds.Soundsmadebyahumanbeingbutnotusedinlanguagearenotconsideredasspeechsound,e.g.coughing,vomitting,snoring.2.Phoneti

3、csPhoneticsisdefinedasthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage.Itstudiesthecharacteristicsofhumansound-making,particularlythesoundsusedinspeech,andprovidesmethodsfortheirtranscription,descriptionandclassification.Threebranchesofphonetics:(1)Articulatoryphon

4、etics发音语音学isthestudyofhowspeechsoundsareproduced.(2)Auditoryphonetics听觉语音学studieshowspeechsoundsareperceivedbythehearer.(3)Acousticphonetics声学语音学studiesthetransmissionofspeechsoundsthroughtheair.Ourprimaryinterestwillbeinarticulatoryphonetics.Speechorg

5、ans/ArticulatorsThearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:Thepharyngealcavity咽腔—thethroat;Theoralcavity口腔—themouth.Thespeechorganslocatedinthiscavityarethetongue,thesoftpalate,thehardpalate,theteethridge,theteethandthelips;

6、Thenasalcavity鼻腔—thenose.3.IPAandbroadvs.narrowtranscriptionTheinternationalphoneticalphabet﹙IPA﹚systemwasdevisedbytheInternationalPhoneticAssociationin1988andhasundergoneanumberofrevisionsincethen.ThebasicprincipleoftheIPAisusingoneletterselectedfromm

7、ajorEuropeanlanguagestorepresentonespeechsound.Theapplicationofthephoneticsymbolsisuniversaltoalllanguages.Broadtranscription宽式标音:thetranscriptionwithletter-symbolsonly.Narrowtranscription严式标音:thetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacritics

8、变音符.Diacriticsareasetofsymbolsaddedtotheletter-symbolstobringoutthefinerdistinctionsthanthelettersalonemaypossiblydo.4.ClassificationsofEnglishspeechsoundsQuestion:Analyzetheimportantfeaturesofvowelsandconsonants.(1)Classificationofcons