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时间:2020-08-15
《【英文】医学免疫学-名解简答重点.docx》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、【名解】Immunity:referstoallmechanismsusedbythebodyasprotectionagainstenvironmentalsubstancesthatareforeigntothebody.(torecognizeandeliminateforeignsubstances)【名解】Lymphocytehoming:themigrationoflymphocytesfromcentralimmuneorgantoperipheralimmuneorgan【名解】Lymphocyter
2、ecirulation:lymphocytecirulationbetweenbloodlymphothertissues【名解】Antigen:thesubstancesthatarerecognizedbyTCR/BCRorantibodyandinduceaspecificimmuneresponse【名解】Hapten(半抗原):havethepropertyofimmunoreactivitybutnotimmunogenicity.【名解】epitope(antigenicdeterminant):the
3、portionoftheantigenthatbindsspecificallywiththebindingsiteofanantibodyorareceptoronalymphocyte.【名解】idiotypicAg:Thecombinedantigenicdeterminants(idiotopes)foundonantibodiesofanindividualthataredirectedataparticularantigen;suchantigenicdeterminantsarefoundonlyint
4、hevariableregion.【名解】superantigen:antigens,onlyneedverylowconcentration,canpolyclonallyactivatesomesubtypesoftheTcells(upto20%).【名解】Adjuvants:Asubstancethatwhenmixedwithanimmunogen,enhancestheimmuneresponseagainsttheimmunogen.【名解】Antigen:Globulinproducedbyplasm
5、acellsinresponsetoantigenandbindsspecificallytoparticularAg.【名解】Immunoglobulins(Ig):TheIgsareglobulinwhichfunctionasAbsorsimilartoAbsinchemicalstructure.【名解】idiotype,id:VariationintheVdomain,particularlyinCDR,producesidiotype.【名解】Majorhistocompatibilitycomplex,
6、MHCAclusterofgenesonchromosome6inhumans,encodingmajorhistocompatibilityantigenwhichleadtorapidgraftrejection.【名解】Cytokine(CK):Cytokinesaresmallsolubleproteinsthatmediateimmuneandinflammatoryreactionsandareresponsibleforcommunicationsbetweenleukocytesandothercel
7、ls【名解】Leukocytedifferentiationantigen(LDA):Thecellsurfacemarkerswhichexpressordisappearonthedifferentleukocytesinthedifferentstageofdifferentiationandactivation.【名解】CD(clusterofdifferentiation):Cellsurfacemoleculesofleucocytesthataredistinguishablewithmonoclona
8、lantibodiesasanimmunologicmarker.【名解】CAM:Agroupofproteinsinvolvedinadhesionofcelltocellorcelltoextra-cellularmatrix(ECM),suchasICAM-1,ICAM-2,ICAM-3,VCAM-1andPECAMetc.【名解】Int
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