医学免疫学名解英文.doc

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1、免疫Immuneresponse:theresponsemadebythehosttodefenditselfagainsttheintroductionofforeignsubstances.Antigen:Anantigenisanyagentcapableofbindingspecificallytocomponentsofimmunesystem,suchasBCRandsolubleantibodiesImmunogen-Asubstancethatinducesaspecificimmuneresponse.(Allimmunogensareant

2、igens,butnotallantigensareimmunogens)Antigenicity:Theabilityofacompoundtobindwithantibodiesorcellsoftheimmunesystem.Thisbindingishighlyspecific.ImmunogenicityImmunogenicity istheabilityofaparticularsubstance,suchasan antigen or epitope,toprovokeaspecific immuneresponse inthebodyofah

3、umanoranimal.Hapten半抗原：Ahaptenisasmallmoleculewhichcanelicitanimmuneresponseonlywhenattachedtoalargecarriersuchasaprotein;thecarriermaybeonewhichalsodoesnotelicitanimmuneresponsebyitself.EpitopeEpitopeistheportionoftheantigenthatbindsspecificallywiththebindingsiteofanantibodyorarece

4、ptoronalymphocyte.TI-AgThymus-independentantigensareantigenswhichcandirectlystimulatetheBcellstoproduceantibodywithouttherequirementforTcellhelpingeneral.TD-AgThymus-dependentantigensarethosethatdonotdirectlystimulatetheproductionofantibodywithoutthehelpofTcellsSuperantigenAnantigen

5、whichpolyclonallyactivatessomesubtypesoftheTcells(upto20%).Adjuvants:Asubstancethatwhenmixedwithanimmunogen,enhancestheimmuneresponseagainsttheimmunogen.ImmunoglobulinTheImmunoglobulinsareglobulinwhichfunctionasantibodiesorsimilartoantibodiesinchemicalstructure.Complementaritydeterm

6、iningregion(CDR)互补决定区：Acomplementaritydeterminingregion(CDR)isashortaminoacidsequencefoundinthevariabledomainsofantigenreceptor(e.g.immunoglobulinandTcellreceptor)proteinsthatcomplementsanantigenandthereforeprovidesthereceptorwithitsspecificityforthatparticularantigen.Complement：Agr

7、oupofserumproteinsinvolvedinthecontrolofinflammation,theactivationofphagocytesandthelyticattackoncellmembranes.Itbelongstotheinnateimmunesystem,andcanberecruitedandbroughtintoactionbytheadaptiveimmunesystem.CommonreceptorsubunitThereissamereceptorsubunitforcytokinesignalingamongthed

8、ifferentcytokinerec