医学免疫学名解英文

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1、免疫Immuneresponse:theresponsemadebythehosttodefenditselfagainsttheintroductionofforeignsubstances.Antigen:Anantigenisanyagentcapableofbindingspecificallytocomponentsofimmunesystem,suchasBCRandsolubleantibodiesImmunogen-Asubstancethatinducesaspecificim

2、muneresponse.(Allimmunogensareantigens,butnotallantigensareimmunogens)Antigenicity:Theabilityofacompoundtobindwithantibodiesorcellsoftheimmunesystem.Thisbindingishighlyspecific.ImmunogenicityImmunogenicity istheabilityofaparticularsubstance,suchasan 

3、antigen or epitope,toprovokeaspecific immuneresponse inthebodyofahumanoranimal.Hapten半抗原：Ahaptenisasmallmoleculewhichcanelicitanimmuneresponseonlywhenattachedtoalargecarriersuchasaprotein;thecarriermaybeonewhichalsodoesnotelicitanimmuneresponsebyitse

4、lf.EpitopeEpitopeistheportionoftheantigenthatbindsspecificallywiththebindingsiteofanantibodyorareceptoronalymphocyte.TI-AgThymus-independentantigensareantigenswhichcandirectlystimulatetheBcellstoproduceantibodywithouttherequirementforTcellhelpingener

5、al.TD-AgThymus-dependentantigensarethosethatdonotdirectlystimulatetheproductionofantibodywithoutthehelpofTcellsSuperantigenAnantigenwhichpolyclonallyactivatessomesubtypesoftheTcells(upto20%).Adjuvants:Asubstancethatwhenmixedwithanimmunogen,enhancesth

6、eimmuneresponseagainsttheimmunogen.ImmunoglobulinTheImmunoglobulinsareglobulinwhichfunctionasantibodiesorsimilartoantibodiesinchemicalstructure.Complementaritydeterminingregion(CDR)互补决定区：Acomplementaritydeterminingregion(CDR)isashortaminoacidsequence

7、foundinthevariabledomainsofantigenreceptor(e.g.immunoglobulinandTcellreceptor)proteinsthatcomplementsanantigenandthereforeprovidesthereceptorwithitsspecificityforthatparticularantigen.Complement：Agroupofserumproteinsinvolvedinthecontrolofinflammation

8、,theactivationofphagocytesandthelyticattackoncellmembranes.Itbelongstotheinnateimmunesystem,andcanberecruitedandbroughtintoactionbytheadaptiveimmunesystem.CommonreceptorsubunitThereissamereceptorsubunitforcytokinesignalingamongthedifferentcytokinerec