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1、名词解释1Thedefinitionofaword(词的定义）Inbrief,awordmaybedefinedasafundamentalunitofspeechandminimumfreeform;withaunityofsoundandmeaning(bothlexicalandgrammaticalmeaning),capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunction.ThedefinitionofawordTosumup,thedefinitionofawordcomprises
2、thefollowingpointsAminimalfreeformofalanguageAsoundunityAunitofmeaningAformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence2Vocabulary（词汇的含义）Broadlyspeaking,allthewordsinalanguagetogetherconstitutewhatisknownasvocabulary.Thetermvocabularyusuallyreferstoacompleteinventoryoftheword
3、sinalanguage.Butitmayalsorefertothewordsandphrasesusedinthevariantsofalanguage,suchasdialect,register,terminology,etc.ThereisatotalEnglishvocabularyofmorethan1million.3Whatislexicology?（什么是词汇学）Lexicologyisabranchoflinguisticsconcernedwiththestudyofthevocabularyof
4、agivenlanguage.Itdealswithwords,theirorigin,development,structure,formation,meaningandusage.4Thedefinitionofamorpheme（词素的含义）Themorpheme(词素)isthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.Awordisthesmallestunitofalanguageth
5、atstandsalonetocommunicatemeaning.Structurally,however,awordisnotthesmallestunitbecausemanywordscanbeseparatedintosmallermeaningfulunits.Wordsarecomposedofmorphemes.WhatisusuallyconsideredasinglewordinEnglishmaybecomposedofoneormoremorphemes:Majorprocess:Thedefin
6、itionofprefixation（前缀法的定义）Prefixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestostems.Prefixesdonotgenerallychangetheword-classofthestembutonlymodifyitsmeaning.However,thereisaninsignificantnumberofclass-changingprefixesNon-class-changingprefixes:natural-unnatural
7、,like-dislike,fair-unfairClass-changingprefixes:force-enforce,danger-endanger,form-deform,little-belittle,war-postwar,college-intercollegeThedefinitionofsuffixation（后缀法的定义）Suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.Unlikeprefixeswhichprimarilychan
8、gethemeaningofthestem,suffixeshaveonlyasmallsemanticrole,theirprimaryfunctionbeingtochangethegrammaticalfunctionofstems.Inotherwords,theymainlychangethewordcla
