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1、PekingOperaBeijingOperaisthenationalstandard,andhasahigherreputationthananyotherbranchesofChineseOpera.BeijingandTianjinarerespectedasthekeybasecitiesinthenorthwhileShanghaiisthebaseinthesouth.AlthoughitiscalledBeijingOpera,itsoriginsarenotinBeijingbutintheChineseprovincesofAn
2、huiandHubei.ThetechnicaltermofCharactersinChineseOpera;HangDang(行當)FourmajortypesofHangDang(行當)Sheng(生)HangDangTan(旦)HangDangChing(淨)HangDangChou(丑)HangDangHangDang(行當)HangDangisaveryspecialsystemandarrangementofCharactersinChineseopera.Accordingtodifferentpersonasintheopera,a
3、tfirst,actorsandactresseshavetofoundonthosepersonas’genders,characteristics,statusandetc.thenemphasizeonthedifferentkindsofmakeup,costume,andperformances;therefore,peoplecategorizethosedifferenttypesofpersonaswiththeperformersintothesystemofHangDang(行當).Sheng(生)HangDang(行當)The
4、Shengisbasicallyapuremalerole,especiallyinPekingopera,besidesching(淨)andchou(丑),therestofthemalepersonaswouldbeallcategorizedintotheShengHangDang.Sheng,amalerole,usuallyaleadingone,datesbacktoSouthernDramaoftheSongandYuanDynasties(960-1368).Thisroleappearsinoperasinallhistoric
5、alperiods.Accordingtotheageandsocialstatusofthecharacters,Shengfallsintofivesub-groups:Laosheng,Xiaosheng,Wusheng,HongshengandWawasheng(charactersofchildren)TheShengofmature,LaoSheng.Thelaoshengisadignifiedolderrole.Thesecharactershaveagentleandcultivateddispositionandwearsens
6、iblecostumes.Onetypeoflaoshengroleisthehongsheng,ared-facedoldermale.TheonlytwohongshengrolesareGuanGong,theChinesegodofswornbrotherhood,loyaltyandrighteousness,andZhaoKuang-yin,thefirstSongDynastyemperor.LaoSheng谭派以谭鑫培为代表，主要传人有谭小培、谭富英、谭元寿、谭孝增等。代表剧目有定军山等马派以马连良为代表，唱腔潇洒飘逸世称马腔，且精
7、于做工与念白，代表剧目有借东风、淮河营、四进士等。主要传人言少朋、冯志孝、张学津等麒派以周信芳为代表，主要传人：程毓章、高百岁、陈鹤峰、周少麟、小王桂卿等，代表剧目：斩经堂、追韩信、打严嵩、四进士、徐策跑城、华容道、赵五娘、封神榜、九更天。谭派定军山TheShengofyouth,HsiaoSheng.HsiaoShengisusuallyayoungscholaroraloverHsiaoShengoftenhasthekindofhandsomemakeupwithoutanybeards.Theywoulduseahigh-pitchvoic
8、etosingbutacombinationofhigh-pitchandlow-pitchvoiceforspeakin
