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BeijingOperaByGuanRui CONTENTSⅠ、History&StatusⅡ、StylizedactionⅢ、Skill&RolesⅣ、FacialmakeupBeijingOpera HistoryPartoneBeijingOpera&Status historyBeijingOperaKnownasChina’snationalopera,BeijingOperaoriginatedinthelate18thcenturyfromthebasisofsomelocaloperasinAnhuiandHubeiProvinces.DuringthereignoftheQianlongemperorintheQingdynasty,Qianlonghadinterestinthelocalopera.In1790,tocelebratehiseightiethbirthday,hesummonedoperatroupes（戏班）fromdifferentplacestoperformforhiminBeijing.FourfamoustroupesfromAnhuiprovinceremainedinBeijingafterthecelebration.In1828,aHubeitroupecametoBeijingandoftenperformedtogetherwiththeAnhuitroupes.ThetwotypesofsingingmixedtogetherandgraduallyanewtypecameintobeingknownasBeijingOpera.TheearlyQingDynastysawagreatdevelopmentofaplethoraofoperas.InthemiddleoftheQingDynasty,HuiandHanoperaswerebroughtintoBeijing.Theybecameimmenselypopularwiththeimperialfamily,nobles,officialsandthecommoners.ThemarriageofHuiandHanoperasbecameknownastheBeijingopera. statusBeijingOperaBeijingOperaisthemostinfluentialandrepresentativeofalloperasinChina.Ithasahistoryofmorethan200years.IthaswongreatpopularitynotonlyinChinabutalsothroughouttheworld.BeijingOperaisaharmoniouscombinationofmanyartforms.Itisasynthesisoftraditionalmusic,dancing,poetry,acrobatics（杂技）andmartial（尚武的）arts.Itisfamousforitsexquisitecostumes,beautifulmake-uporpaintedface,andestablishedperformingconventionsandrules.TheearlyQingDynastysawagreatdevelopmentofaplethoraofoperas.InthemiddleoftheQingDynasty,HuiandHanoperaswerebroughtintoBeijing.Theybecameimmenselypopularwiththeimperialfamily,nobles,officialsandthecommoners.ThemarriageofHuiandHanoperasbecameknownastheBeijingopera. Stylized（程式化的）actionParttwoBeijingOpera BeijingOperaBeijingoperarecreatessettingsandprops（道具）throughtheuseofmimed（模拟）gesturesandactions.Thestagehasnorealdoor,carriage,boat,mountainorhorse;hencetheactorswillmimetheactionofopeningthedoor,enteringthroughthedoor,gettingonacarriage,rowingaboat,climbingupamountainandridingahorse.Forexample,thehandsshowingtheactionofholdingareinmeanstheactorisridingahorse,theactofopeningadoormeansjustthatandwalkingroundthestageinonecirclemeansalongjourney. Skill&RolesPartthreeBeijingOpera SkillThatis,sing(唱),read(念),do(做)andfight(打).BeijingOpera ShengDanJingRolesChouMaleroleFemalerolePaintedfacemaleroleClownroleBeijingOperaThe roles on the Chinese opera stage fall into four categories ——Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. These roles have the natural features of age and sex, as well as social status, and are artificially exaggerated by makeup, costume and gestures. ShengTheLaoshengisadignified（庄重的）olderrole.Thesecharactershaveagentleandcultivateddispositionandwearsensiblecostumes.YoungmalecharactersareknownasXiaosheng.Thesecharacterssinginahigh,shrillvoicewithoccasionalbreakstorepresentthevoicechangingperiodofadolescence.TheWushengisamartial（尚武的）characterforrolesinvolvingcombat.Theyarehighlytrainedinacrobatics（杂技）,andhaveanaturalvoicewhensinging.BeijingOpera DanQingyi(青衣）Wudan(武旦）Laodan(老旦）Huadan(花旦)TheDanreferstoanyfemaleroleinBeijingOpera.Danroleswereoriginallydividedintofourtypes.Virtuous（道德高尚的）andelitewomenwereQingyi,martialwomenwereWudan,oldwomenwereLaodan,andvivacious（活泼的）andunmarriedwomenwereHuadan.BeijingOpera Zhengjing(正净）JingFujing(副净）Wujing(武净）TheJingisapaintedfacemalerole.Dependingontherepertoire（全部剧目）oftheparticulartroupe,hewillplayeitherprimaryorsecondaryroles.Thistypeofrolewillentailaforcefulcharacter,soaJingmusthaveastrongvoiceandbeabletoexaggerategestures.BeijingOpera ChouWenChou(文丑）Wuchou(武丑)TheChouisamaleclownrole.TheChouusuallyplayssecondlyrolesinatroupe.Indeed,moststudiesofBeijingoperaclassifytheChouasaminorrole.ChourolescanbedividedintoWenchou,civilianrolessuchasmerchantsandjailers（狱卒）,andWuchou,minormilitaryroles.BeijingOpera FacialmakeupPartfourBeijingOpera Beijing opera typesof facial makeup in operasBeijingoperatypesoffacialmakeupinoperas,isaspecialfeatureofanationalcosmetic.Aseachhistoricalfigureoracertaintypeofpersonhasanapproximatespectraltype, like sing, play music to the music, socalled“typesoffacialmakeupinoperas”.Onthetypesoffacialmakeupinoperassources,thegeneralviewisfrommask.Beijingoperatypesoffacialmakeupinoperasarebasedoncertainpersonality,temperamentorsomespecialtypesoffiguresfortheuseofcertaincolors.BeijingOpera Blackfaces,usuallyhaveneutralmeanings,symbolizingjustbravecriticizedintegrityandevenreckless,however,theycanalsosignifiesuprightness.Redfaceshavepositivemeanings,symbolizingloyal,brave,faithfulandwisemen,suchasGuanYu.BeijingOpera Yellowsignifiesviciousbrutality(凶狠残暴),suchasDianWei.Purpleisapositivecolor,whichsignifieswisdomandbravery.Whitefaceshavenegativemeaningsthatsymbolizetreacherous奸诈,insidious阴险andcrafty狡猾men,suchasCaocao.BeijingOpera Blueorgreenhaveneutralmeaningsthatsymbolizetheheroofthebush,withtheformeralsohintingatstrengthandintrepidity（无畏）.Goldandsilverfacessymbolizemysteriousness,andstandformonstersorgods.BeijingOpera FourFamousDanActors逼格MeiLanfang梅兰芳XunHuisheng荀慧生逼格ChengYanqiu程砚秋ShangXiaoyun尚小云BeijingOpera BeijingOperaTheMeiLanfangSchool梅派TheChengYanqiuSchool程派TheShangXiaoyunSchool尚派TheXunHuishengSchool荀派FourfamousBranchesofBeijingOperanamedafterfamousperformingartists Inthiswordthereareonlytwokindsofpeople,thosewholikeBeijingOpera,andtheotherpeopledon’tknowtheylikeBeijingOpera.——WangPeiyu(王佩瑜）BeijingOpera BeijingOperaBeijingOperaistheessenceoftraditionalChinesearts.IhopeyoucanlearnmoreaboutBeijingOperaandenjoythebeautyofBeijingOpera. BeijingOperaQ&A ThankYou!
