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1、Thegem--BeijingOpera国粹——京剧Thegem--BeijingOperaChinesetraditionaloperaisconsideredoneoftheworld'sthreeancientoperas,togetherwithGreektragedyandcomedy,andIndianSanskritopera.Amongthemorethan360ancientlocaloperasinChina,PekingOperaisknownasChina’snationalopera,despiteitscomparativelyyoung200-y
2、earhistory.Origin京剧非“京”AlthoughitiscalledPekingOpera,theoriginsofPekingOperaarenotinBeijingbutintheprovincesofAnhui(EastChina)andHubei(South-centralChina).Itsriseisdueingreatparttothefavorableeyesandpatronageoftheimperialroyalties.京味道PekingOperaisapurelyChineseoperaformdatingbacktotheyear17
3、90,whenthefamousFourAnhuiOperaTroupesfirstcametoBeijingincelebrationofthe80thbirthdayofEmperorQianlong(1711-1799)oftheQingDynasty(1644-1911).Thetourwasahitandthetroupesstayed.In1828,somefamousHubeiOperaTroupeplayerscametoBeijing.TheartistsofHubeiandAnhuitroupesoftenjointlyperformedonthestag
4、eandabsorbedrepertoires,music,ariasandperformingtechniquesofeachotherandfromotheroperaslikeKunQu,QinQiangandBangZi,aswellasthelocaldialectandcustomsofBeijing.Itsrepertoiresmainlydepictfairytalesofprecedingdynastiesandimportanthistoricalevents.湖北，安徽剧团的艺术家经常在舞台上共同表演和吸收的剧目，在音乐，曲调和表演技巧方面与其它剧种相互
5、吸收。如昆曲，秦腔和梆子，以及当地的方言和北京海关的表演技巧。其剧目主要描绘古老神话故事和重要的历史事件Itwasafter1840thatPekingOperaformallytookshape,growingevenfasterduringthereignoftheEmpressDowagerCixi(1835-1908),whowasanoperaaficionado.ClassicPekingOperarepertoiresandthenamesofthefirst-generationmasterswereonthelipsofthepeopleinBeijing,
6、andeventuallyprevalentaroundthecountry.京剧是1840年以后正式形成了，慈禧太后（1835至1908年）是一个歌剧爱好者，在位期间京剧发展得更快。经典京剧剧目和第一代大师的名字，经过人民的传诵，并最终在全国各地普遍存在。生Sheng:mainmaleroleFourroles---旦Dan:youngandbeautifulfemaleFourroles---净Jing:paintedfacedmaleFourroles---丑Chou:clown,maleorfemaleFourroles---Suchreformshavetakent
7、heformofcreatingaschoolofperformancetheorytoincreaseperformancequality,utilizing（利用）modernelementstoattractnewaudiences,andperformingnewplaysoutsideofthetraditionalcanon.（打破陈规）ThedevelopmentInadditiontomoreformalreformmeasures,Beijingoperatroupesalsoadop
