词汇学复习提纲.doc

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1、词汇学复习提纲1BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary1.1Whatisaword(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage(2)asoundunity(3)aunitofmeaning(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence1.2SoundandmeaningArbitrary(conventional)relationshipbetweenlinguisticunitanditsreference1.3SoundandformTheoreticallysoundandf

2、ormshouldagreewitheachother,butactuallytherearemanydifferencesbetweenthetwo.Reasons:1AlphabetfromtheRomans,wherelettersdonotcorrespondtoeachsound2Pronunciationschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears3Earlycasualnessinspelling4Borrowingwordsarenotallassimilated1.4WhatisVocabular

3、y?1.5Classificationofwords1.5.1Basicwordstockandnon-basicvocabulary(classificationviausefrequency)1.5.2Contentwords/notionalwordsandfunctionalwords/empty/formwords(vianotion)1.5.3Nativewordsandborrowedwords(viaorigin)2TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary2.1Ahistoricaloverviewofthe

4、EnglishvocabularyThefirstmajorlanguageswereCelticofCelts,firstinhabitantoftheBritishIsles.ThesecondmajorlanguagewastheLatinoftheRomanLegions.WhentheRomanEmpirebegantocrumble,theGermanictribes(Angles,Saxons,andJutes)camein.2.1.1OldEnglish(450-1150)²Anglo-Saxon²Highly-inflected²Atth

5、eendofthe6THcentury,ChristianitywasintroducedintoBritain.²Inthe9THcentury,therewastheinvasionbyNorwegianandDanishVikings.2.1.2MiddleEnglish(1150-1500)²1066:theNormanConquest²1340-1400:Chaucer²TradewithHolland2.1.3ModernEnglish(1500-now)EarlyModernEnglish(1500-1700):²Shakespeare(15

6、64-1616)²Printing²RenaissanceLateModernEnglish(1500-1700):²Theindustrialrevolutionandthecolonization.²Borrowing,wordformation.²(P32)tableofEnglishdevelopment2.2growthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabulary(pp32-33)2.3ModesofVocabularyDevelopment²creation²semanticchange²borrowing3Morphologi

7、calstructure3.1morphemes3.2allomorphs,mono-morphemicwords3.3typesofmorphemesFreemorpheme:freerootBoundrootMorphemeBoundmorphemeprefixDerivationalAffixsuffixInflectional3.4rootandstem²Arootisthebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.Itisthepartofawor

8、dthatremainswhenallinflectionalan