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1、FirmOffersAfirmofferismadewhenasellerpromisestosellgoodsatastatedprice,usuallywithinastatedperiodoftime.Thepromisemaybeexpress,aswhenittakestheformofaletter;oritmaybeimplied,aswhenittakestheformofaquotationthatcontainsthewords”Foracceptancewithinsevendays”,orsimilarqualifyingwo
2、rds.Likeaquotationwithoutqualifyingwords,afirmofferisnotlegallybinding,evenwhenmadeexpressly,butunlikesuchaquotationafirmofferiscapableofacceptanceandonceithasbeenaccepteditcannotbewithdrawn.Althoughafirmofferisnotbindinguntilaccepted,noreputablesellerwouldriskhisreputationbywi
3、thdrawinghisofferbeforethestatedoragreedtime.发盘(Offers)通常是以广告,传单,信件或回应询盘的方式发出的。发盘的定义为:交易的一方为了销售或购买一批商品,向对方提出有关的交易条件,并表示愿按这些条件达成一笔交易,这种意思表示的行为称作发盘。发盘可以分成两类:实盘(FirmOffer)和虚盘(Non-firmOffer)。二者的区别一定要清楚,因为不仅是它们的表达方式不同,更重要的是它们的法律效力是不一样的。 实盘是发盘人(Offerer)按其提供的条件以达成交易目的的明确表示。实盘具有法律效力
4、.受盘人(Offeree)一旦在有效期限内接受实盘上的条件和内容,发盘人就无权拒绝售货.一项实盘必须具备:1)发盘的内容和词句必须肯定,不能用‘大约(about)’,‘参考价(referenceprice)’等摸棱两可的词。2)发盘的内容明确完整,其内容应包括商品品质(Quality),数量(Quantity),包装(Packing),价格(Price),装运(Shipment),支付(Payment),有效期(Validity)等。3)发盘中不能有保留条件如:以我方最后确认为准subjecttoourfinalconfirmation以货物
5、的未售出为准subjecttogoodsbeingunsold虚盘是发盘人所作的不肯定交易的表示.凡不符合实盘所具备的上述三个条件的发盘,都是虚盘.虚盘无须详细的内容和具体条件,也不注明有效期.它仅表示交易的意向,不具有法律效力.出现下列一类的词句者,皆为虚盘:-Withoutengagement.不负任何责任.-subjecttopriorsale有权先售-Allquotationsaresubjecttoourfinalconfirmationunlessotherwisestated.所作报价,除特别注明外,须经我方确认后方能生效.
6、-Ourofferissubjecttoapprovalofexportlicence.出口许可证准许签证,我方报价才有效.Atypicalfirmofferwillincludethefollowing:(1)Anexpressionofthanksfortheenquiry,ifany;(2)Nameofthegoods,quality,quantity,andspecifications,detailsofprices,discounts,termsofpayment,packinganddateofdelivery;(3)Thevalid
7、ityoftheoffer;(4)Favorablecommentsonthegoodsthemselves;(5)Anexpressionofhopesforanorder.Dearsir(AFirmOffer)WewereverypleasedtoreceiveyourenquiryofJuly2andnowconfirmourcabledofferofthismorning,asfollows:“Twohundredandfifty-sixpoundsperthirty-sixmeterpiecef.o.b.Manchester”.Wemust
8、stressthatthisofferisfirmforthreedaysonlybecauseoftheh