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1、EnglishvsChinese:TenPairsofFeatures英汉对比研究1.Syntheticvs.Analytic 2.Rigidvs.Supple(=flexible) 3.Hypotacticvs.paratactic4.ComplexvsSimplex(繁复与简短)5.Impersonalvs.Personal6.Passivevs.Active7.Staticvs.Dynamic8.Abstractvs.Concrete9.IndirectvsDirect10.Substitutivevs.RepetitiveSyntheticvs.A
2、nalytic（综合语与分析语）Asyntheticlanguageischaracterizedbyfrequentandsystematicuseofinflectedforms(曲折变化形式，词尾变化的词语)toexpressgrammaticalrelationships.Ananalyticlanguageismarkedbyarelativelyfrequentuseoffunctionwords,auxiliaryverbs,andchangesinwordordertoexpresssyntacticrelations,ratherthan
3、ofinflectedforms.ModernEnglishhasbecomeanalyticbutstillfrequentlyusessomehereditaryinflectionsfromOldEnglish.Itisthereforeasynthetic-analyticlanguage.Chineseisatypicalanalyticlanguage.Inflection,wordorderandtheuseoffunctionwordsareemployedasthethreegrammaticaldevicesinbuildingEngl
4、ishsentences.1.1InflectionalvsNon-inflectionalInEnglish,nouns,pronouns,andverbsareinflected.Suchgrammaticalmeaningsaspartsofspeech,gender,number,case,person,tense,aspect,voice,mood,etc.canbeexpressedbytheuseofinflectedformswithorwithoutthehelpoffunctionwordsandwordorder,whichisgen
5、erallynottrueofChinese.InChinesetheabovegrammaticalmeaningsaremostlyimpliedincontextsorbetweenthelines,Thoughoftenwiththehelpofwordorder.E.g.Hemovedastonishinglyfast.Hemovedwithastonishingrapidity.Hismovementsareastonishinglyrapid.Hismovementsastonishedusbytheirrapidity.他行动之快令人惊讶。
6、他行动之迅速令人惊讶。他行动之迅速令我们惊讶不已。1.2WordOrder:Flexiblevs.InflexibleThelessinflectivealanguage,themorerigidthewordorder.WordorderinEnglishisnotsorigidasinChinese.MorewaysOfinversionareoftenseeninEnglish.E.g.Whatintheworlddoyoumean?你的意思究竟是什么？Whatabeautifulvoiceyouhave!你有多美的嗓音啊！Notafingerdid
7、Ilayonhim?我从来没有指责过他。1.3TheUseofFunctionWords:EnglishandChineseEmployDifferentTypesofFunctionWordsEnglishfunctionwordsincludethearticles,prepositions,auxiliaryverbs,coordinatorsandsubordinators,WhileChinesefunctionwordscompriseparticles,connectives,andprepositions.Eachhasitsownfeat
8、uresintheuseofthesewords.E.g.Shew
