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1、UnitFourTranslationUnitandDiscourseAnalysis翻译单位与语篇分析Definitionoftranslationunit:Manytranslationtheoristsdefinedtheunitoftranslationintheirownways.Forinstance,VinayandDarbelnetdefinetheunitoftranslationas“thesmallestsegmentofanutterancewhosecohesionofsignsissuchthatthe
2、ymustnotbeseparatelytranslated”.Inotherwords,thetranslationunitistheminimalstretchoflanguagethathastobetranslatedtogether,asoneunit.AccordingtoPeterNewmark,theargumentaboutthelengthoftheUT,whichhasbeenputsuccinctlybyW.Haas,“asshortasispossible,aslongasisnecessary”,isa
3、concretereflectionoftheage-oldconflictbetweenfreeandliteraltranslation,thefreerthetranslation,thelongertheUT;themoreliteralthetranslation,theshortertheUT,theclosertotheword,or,inpoetry,eventothemorpheme.Freetranslationhasalwaysfavoredthesentence;literaltranslationthew
4、ord.Now,sincetheriseoftextlinguistics,freetranslationhasmovedfromthesentencetothewholetext.TakingthesentenceasUT1）Proseofitsverynatureislongerthanverse,andthevirtuespeculiartoitmanifestthemselvesgradually.散文就其本质而言，比韵文篇幅长，因而其特有的品质是逐渐表现出来的。2）Ifthecardinalvirtueofpoetryi
5、slove,thecardinalvirtueofproseisjustice;and,whereaslovemakesyouactandspeakonthespurofthemoment,justiceneedsinquiry,patience,andacontrolevenofthenoblestpassions.如果说诗歌的首要品质是爱，散文的首要品质是公正；爱使你因一时冲动而采取行动，表达自己，但要做到公正则需要调查，需要耐心，需要控制激情，即使这种激情是最崇高的。3）ByjusticehereIdonotmeanjust
6、iceonlytoparticularpeopleorideas,butahabitofjusticeinalltheprocessesofthought,astyletranquillizedandaformmouldedbythathabit.说起公正，我不是指针对具特殊人们或具体想法的公正，而是指在思想的全过程中的一种公正的习惯，一种由此习惯所形成的沉静的文风和由此习惯所造就的形式。4）OfthefruitsoftheyearIgivemyvotetotheorange.一年四季的水果中，我最推崇柑橘。5）Naturecon
7、tainstheelements,incolorandform,ofallpictures,asthekeyboardcontainsthenotesofallmusic.就色彩和形状而论，大自然包含所有图画的成分，就像琴键包含所有音乐的音符一样。翻译英语主从复合句必须注意以下要点：分出句子层次；分别译出中文，根据汉语行文的时空关系和逻辑关系进行译文重组。1）Iretiredlastyearfrommypostatauniversity1inTokyo,whereItaughtEnglishliteratureandlanguag
8、e.2我曾在东京某大学教英语语言文学，2去年刚辞职。12）Hefoundthethoughtinfinitelymoreenjoyabletofocusonthanthenigglingfear1thathadbeentroublinghim2si
