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1、UnitFourTranslationUnitandDiscourseAnalysis翻译单位与语篇分析Definitionoftranslationunit:Manytranslationtheoristsdefinedtheunitoftranslationintheirownways.Forinstance,VinayandDarbelnetdefinetheunitoftranslationas“thesmallestsegmentofanutterancewhosecohesionofsignsissuchthatthe
2、ymustnotbeseparatelytranslated”.Inotherwords,thetranslationunitistheminimalstretchoflanguagethathastobetranslatedtogether,asoneunit.AccordingtoPeterNewmark,theargumentaboutthelengthoftheUT,whichhasbeenputsuccinctlybyW.Haas,“asshortasispossible,aslongasisnecessary”,isa
3、concretereflectionoftheage-oldconflictbetweenfreeandliteraltranslation,thefreerthetranslation,thelongertheUT;themoreliteralthetranslation,theshortertheUT,theclosertotheword,or,inpoetry,eventothemorpheme.Freetranslationhasalwaysfavoredthesentence;literaltranslationthew
4、ord.Now,sincetheriseoftextlinguistics,freetranslationhasmovedfromthesentencetothewholetext.TakingthesentenceasUT1)Proseofitsverynatureislongerthanverse,andthevirtuespeculiartoitmanifestthemselvesgradually.散文就其本质而言,比韵文篇幅长,因而其特有的品质是逐渐表现出来的。2)Ifthecardinalvirtueofpoetryi
5、slove,thecardinalvirtueofproseisjustice;and,whereaslovemakesyouactandspeakonthespurofthemoment,justiceneedsinquiry,patience,andacontrolevenofthenoblestpassions.如果说诗歌的首要品质是爱,散文的首要品质是公正;爱使你因一时冲动而采取行动,表达自己,但要做到公正则需要调查,需要耐心,需要控制激情,即使这种激情是最崇高的。3)ByjusticehereIdonotmeanjust
6、iceonlytoparticularpeopleorideas,butahabitofjusticeinalltheprocessesofthought,astyletranquillizedandaformmouldedbythathabit.说起公正,我不是指针对具特殊人们或具体想法的公正,而是指在思想的全过程中的一种公正的习惯,一种由此习惯所形成的沉静的文风和由此习惯所造就的形式。4)OfthefruitsoftheyearIgivemyvotetotheorange.一年四季的水果中,我最推崇柑橘。5)Naturecon
7、tainstheelements,incolorandform,ofallpictures,asthekeyboardcontainsthenotesofallmusic.就色彩和形状而论,大自然包含所有图画的成分,就像琴键包含所有音乐的音符一样。翻译英语主从复合句必须注意以下要点:分出句子层次;分别译出中文,根据汉语行文的时空关系和逻辑关系进行译文重组。1)Iretiredlastyearfrommypostatauniversity1inTokyo,whereItaughtEnglishliteratureandlanguag
8、e.2我曾在东京某大学教英语语言文学,2去年刚辞职。12)Hefoundthethoughtinfinitelymoreenjoyabletofocusonthanthenigglingfear1thathadbeentroublinghim2si