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1、Averylongtimeago,farawayinChina,avillagerlivingalongthebanksoftheYellowRiverbuiltasimplemudhuttoshelterhisfamily. Thousandsofyearslaterintheyear1420,theempire’sbestcraftsmenputthefinaltouchesontheultimatemasterpieceofChinesearchitecture---theTempleofHeaven.“Chinesebuildingsevolved
2、fromsimplesheltersintocomplexmagnificentstructureswithgreatswoopingroofs,statelycolumns,andrichdetail.”Betweenthissimplemudhutandthisamazinglycomplexstructure---itseverydetailfullwithcosmologicalsymbolism---isataleofemperors,monks,scholarsandgeniuscraftsmen---astorywhichexplainsan
3、architecturaltraditionofgreatbeautyandflexibility. Andtostartthisstoryatthebeginning,wehavetoleapbacktwomillennia,towhenthebrillianttyrantQinShihuangbecomesthefirstemperorofaunifiedChina. In1938,anAmericanfighterpilotflyingoveraremotepartofChina,spottedgiantpyramid-likestructuresb
4、elow. Inhisexcitementhetookaphotoanddeclaredtotheworldthathehaddiscoveredalostcivilization. Whathediscovered,however,weren’tpyramids,butmassivetombmounds. AndthegrandestofthemallwasthetombofthemanwhounifiedChina.“OurstorybeginswiththetombofQinShihuangthefirstemperorofChina,wholive
5、d200yearsbeforeChrist.”Abrilliantwarriorandtactician,heannihilatedallhisrivalstatesandcreatedtheimperialsystemwhichsurviveduntiltheyear1904. Andthegrandeurofhistombmatchedthatofhisambitions:Formorethanthirtyyearsheused700,000workers---probablymoremanpowerthanthepharaohshadassemble
6、dtobuiltthepyramids---tore-constructhiskingdomintheprivateundergroundworldofhistomb,withpalacesandcourtsforahundredofficials,roomscontainingcountlessgems,riversofmercuryandcandleswhichwouldneverburnout.Theysatyoucan’ttakeitwithyou,butQinShihuangsuretried.“Histombwasguardedbyhundre
7、dsofterracottawarriors,butjustasfascinatingweretheclaymodelhousesthatwerefoundinsidehistomb.”Becauseoftheirbeliefthatpeoplehadtoprovidefortheirancestorsindeath,theearlyChineseburiedtheirdeceasedwithclaymodelsofthestructurestheydependedoninlife-granaries,houses,watchtowersandthelik
8、e. These2000year-oldmodelsaretheo
